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 Course overview |
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 Syllabus |
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| Topic 1 |
Learning objectives |
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Present status of feeding ruminants in India |
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Why scientific feeding should be practised? |
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Feeds, forages, feedstuffs, nutrients |
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Physiological phases in livestock production |
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Feeding experiments |
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Comparative feeding trials |
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Feeding trials with laboratory animals |
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The purified diet method |
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 PODCAST |
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| Topic 2 |
Learning objectives |
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Germ free technique |
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Group feeding versus individual feeding |
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Controlled versus and ad libitum feding |
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Equalized paired feeding or paired feeding |
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Slaughter experiments |
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Experimental designs |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 3 |
Learning objectives |
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History of digestion experiments |
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Measurement of digestibility co-efficient |
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Norms adopted in conducting digestion and metabolism trial |
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Metabolic stall or crate used in digestion experiments |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 4 |
Learning objectives |
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Methods of determining digestibilty |
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Indirect method of determining the digestibility: Digestibility by difference. |
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Indicator method of determining digestibility |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 5 |
Learning objectives |
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Measurement of pasture consumption and digestibility in grazing animals |
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Laboratory methods of estimating digestibility |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 6 |
Learning objectives |
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Factors affecting digestibility of a feed |
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Factors affecting the Total Digestible Nutrients(TDN) and ME value of the feed |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 7 |
,Learning objective |
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Feeding standards - Definition and expression |
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Classification of feeding standards |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 8 |
Learning objectives |
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Hay standard |
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Scandinavian “feed unit” standard |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 9 |
Learning objectives |
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Grouven’s feeding standard |
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Wolff’s feeding standard |
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Wolff’s Lehmann feeding standard |
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Haecker’s feeding standard |
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Savage feeding standard |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 10 |
Learning objectives |
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Morrison feeding standard |
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National Research Council (N.R.C.) standard |
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Indian standards |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 11 |
Learning objectives |
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Kellner feeding standard |
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Armsby feeding standard |
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Agricultural and Food Research Council (A.F.R.C.) standard |
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Usefulness and limitations of feeding standards |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 12 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Energy requirement for maintenance,fasting catabolism,energy metabolism of fasting animal |
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Basal and fasting metabolism |
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Unit of reference in fasting metabolism / basal metabolism |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 13 |
Learning objectives |
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Protein requirements for maintenance |
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Methods adopted to estimate protein requirements for maintenance |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 14 |
Learning objectives |
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Methods adopted to estimate energy requirements for maintenance - Direct calorimetry |
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Indirect calorimetry |
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Measurement of respiratory exchange |
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Energy requirement by feeding trials |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 15 |
Learning objectives |
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Growth in animals |
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Estimation of energy requirement for growth and fattening |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 16 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Protein requirement for growth |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 17 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Effect of nutrition on the initiation and maintenance of reproductive ability |
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Feeding of male animals |
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Flushing |
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Effects of prolonged under or over feeding of breeding animals |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 18 |
Learning objectives |
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Growth of the foetus |
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Mammary development |
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Energy metabolism during pregnancy |
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Extra-uterine growth during pregnancy |
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Consequences of malnutrition in pregnancy |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 19 |
Learning objectives |
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Nutrients requirement for the lactating cow |
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Nutrient requirement of sheep and goat |
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Nutrient requirements of the lactating dairy goats |
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Nutrient requirements for wool production |
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Nutrient requirement for work |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 20 |
Learning objectives |
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Balanced ration and its characteristics |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 21 |
Learning objectives |
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Feeding colustrum in new born calves |
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Milk feeding in weaned calves |
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Milk feeding schedule |
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Feeding milk replacer to calves |
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Composition of milk replacer |
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Rate of replacing milk replacer |
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Calf starter |
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Feeding dairy calves from three months to maturity |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 22 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Dry matter, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient requirement for cattle and buffaloes |
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Feeding milch animals |
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Model rations for cows and buffaloes with the available fodder and concentrates |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 23 |
Learning objectives |
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Feeding high yielding cows and buffaloes |
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Phase 1. Early lactation - 0 to 70 days postpartum |
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Phase 2. Peak DM intake - second 10 weeks postpartum |
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Phase 3. Mid- to late lactation - 140 to 305 days postpartum |
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Phase 4. Dry period - 60 to 14 days before parturition |
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Phase 5. Transition period - 14 days before to parturition |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 24 |
Learning objectives |
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Level of nutrition and reproduction in cows |
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Feeding of breeding bulls |
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Feeding of working bullocks |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 25 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Water and dry matter requirement of sheep |
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Protein requirements |
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Energy or TDN requirement |
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Minerals and vitamins requirement of sheep |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 26 |
Learning objectives |
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Feeding of preweaned lambs for birth to 90 days of age |
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Feeding of growing, fattening lambs and breeding rams |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 27 |
Learning objectives |
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Feeding of pregnant ewes and ewes after lambing |
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Feeding of adult sheep and lactating ewes |
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Flushing or feeding of breeding ewes and feeding of sheep for wool and meat |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 28 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Feeding behavior of goats |
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Water and dry matter requirement of goats |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 29 |
Learning objectives |
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Energy requirement |
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Protein requirement |
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Mineral and vitamins requirement of goats |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 30 |
Learning objectives |
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Starter or creep ration |
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Grower ration |
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Finisher ration |
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Feeding of replacement stock |
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Feeding of dry goats |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 31 |
Learning objectives |
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Feeding of pregnant does |
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Feeding of lactating goats and bucks |
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Feeding of pashminia and angora goats |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 32 |
Learning objectives |
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Urea |
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Urea mixed in concentrates and liquid supplements |
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Urea added to dry roughages and silages |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 33 |
Learning objectives |
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Urea molasses mineral block |
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Factors for optimum use of urea |
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Urea toxicity |
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Biuret |
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Poultry manures as a feed for ruminants |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 34 |
Objective and methods of conducting digestion trials in ruminants |
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In vivo method of deteriming digestibility - Direct Method |
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Recording of data obtained during digestion trial |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 35 |
Digestibility by difference |
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Exercise |
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Indicator method |
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Measurement of pasture consumption and its digestibilty |
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Measurement of digestibility by in vitro method (Tilley and Terry method) |
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| Topic 36 |
Digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) |
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Starch equivalent |
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Nutritive ratio |
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| Topic 37 |
What is nutrient requirement? |
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Calculation of body weight |
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Metabolic body weight |
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Dry matter, energy, protein and water requirements for different functions |
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Nutrients requirement for maintenance |
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| Topic 38 |
Nutirents requirement for growth |
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Feeding of calves upto 3 months |
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Nutrient (% of DM) specification of calf starter and nutrient requirement of heifers |
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| Topic 39 |
Nutrient requirement for lactation in cattle and buffaloes |
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Nutrient requirement for pregnancy |
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Nutrient requirement for breeding bulls |
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Nutrient requirements for working bullocks |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 40 |
Unconventional feeds |
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Tree leaves |
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| Topic 41 |
BIS specifications for compounded feeds for cattle |
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BIS requirements (%) for mineral mixtures for supplementing cattle feeds |
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Per cent composition (on DMB) of feeds for ruminants |
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| Topic 42 |
Feeding of sheep |
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Nutrient requipments for growing lambs |
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Nutrient requirements for maintenance of adult sheep |
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Nutrient requirement for prenancy and lactation |
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Nutrient requirement for reproduction |
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Nutrient requirement for wool production |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 43 |
Feeding of goats |
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Nutrient requirements of kids |
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Nutrient requirements for maintenance of goats |
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Nutrient requirement for pregnancy in goats |
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Nutrient requirement for lactation in goats |
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Composition (%) of the various creep mixtures |
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Composition (%) of the grower's concentrate mixture |
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Stall feeding of goats |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 44 |
Introduction |
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Use of agro industrial by products as a feed during scarcity period |
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Providing supplemental feeds during a drought |
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Reducing nutrient requirements of the herd |
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Traditional methods of feeding livestock during scarcity |
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Urea molasses liquids and blocks as a feed during scarcity |
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| Topic 45 |
Crop residues and their processing methods to improve its nutritive value |
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Physical treatment |
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Chemical treatment |
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NaOH treatment |
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Ammonia treatment |
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Procedure for preparing urea enriched paddy straw |
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Biological treatment of straw |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 46 |
Forages for feeding livestock |
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Cereal grains and by-products. |
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Oil cakes and animal protein meals |
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Pulses and agro industrial by products |
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| Topic 47 |
Aim and requirements for compounding of feed |
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Pearson square method |
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Algebraic method |
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Exercise |
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| Topic 48 |
Nutritive value of common roughages |
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Nutritive value of common cencentrate feedstuffs |
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Commonly used ingredients their adulterants and contaminats |
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Formulation of least cost ration |
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Formulation of rations for cattle and buffaloes for different functions |
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| Topic 49 |
BIS specifications for mineral mixtures |
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ICAR mineral mixture composition |
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Sources of major minerals |
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Sources of minor minerals |
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| Topic 50 |
Introduction to feed processing in feed mill |
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Receiving of raw material |
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Processing of concentrate feed |
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Feed processing |
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Pelleted feed |
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Advantages and disadvantages of pelleting |
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Indigenous pellet feed processing plant |
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Visit to a dairy farm / sheep farm |
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| Topic 51 |
Question bank |
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Books for reference |
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Acknowledgement |
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Participants