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 Definitions |
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Objectives |
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 Syllabus |
Syllabus for LPM-121: Fodder production and grassland management (1+1) |
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Table of contents |
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Definitions |
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Objectives |
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|
Syllabus |
Syllabus for LPM-121: Fodder production and grassland management (1+1) |
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Table of contents |
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| Topic 1 |
Learning objectives |
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Present scenario of livestock sector in the Country |
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Requirment vs.Availability |
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Balance sheet of animal feeds and fodders (in million tonnes) in India |
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Estimates for next decade |
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Present sources of feed |
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Grazing resources |
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Ways and means to increase forage production |
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 PODCAST |
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Learning objectives |
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|
Present scenario of livestock sector in the Country |
|
|
Requirment vs.Availability |
|
|
Balance sheet of animal feeds and fodders (in million tonnes) in India |
|
|
Estimates for next decade |
|
|
Present sources of feed |
|
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Grazing resources |
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Ways and means to increase forage production |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 2 |
Learning objectives |
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Definition of Fodder and Forage |
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Classification of forages |
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On the basis of season of cultivation |
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On the basis of nutrient density in the dry matter |
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On the basis of plant types |
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On the basis of duration of the crop |
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On the basis of plant family and duration of the crop |
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Non-Legumes |
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Legumes |
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Plant sources of animal feed |
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Characteristics of fodder crops |
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Growth of a fodder crop |
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PODCAST |
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Learning objectives |
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Definition of Fodder and Forage |
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Classification of forages |
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On the basis of season of cultivation |
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On the basis of nutrient density in the dry matter |
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On the basis of plant types |
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On the basis of duration of the crop |
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On the basis of plant family and duration of the crop |
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Non-Legumes |
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Legumes |
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Plant sources of animal feed |
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Characteristics of fodder crops |
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Growth of a fodder crop |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 3 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Status of grazing resources and waste lands in India |
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Ecological status of grasslands |
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Types of grassland covers |
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Dicanthium - Cenchrus - Elyonurus type (Area : 434000 sq. km.) |
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Sehima-Dicanthium cover (Area: 17,400 sq.km.) |
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Phragmites - Saccharum cover (Area : 28,00,000 sq.km.) |
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Themada - Arundinella cover (Area : 2,30,400 sq.km.) |
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Temperate and Alpine cover |
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Production level of grassland covers in India |
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Over grazing |
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Grassland improvement and management techniques |
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Weed control (Bush control) |
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Burning of grass lands |
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Enclosure of grass lands |
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Reseeding |
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Conservation of soil and moisture |
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Grazing management |
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Grazing methods |
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Controlled continuous grazing |
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Deferred grazing |
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Rotational grazing |
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Deferred and rotational grazing |
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Pasture – pastural farming or ranching |
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Natural Pasture |
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Artificial Pasture |
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PODCAST |
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Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
|
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Status of grazing resources and waste lands in India |
|
|
Ecological status of grasslands |
|
|
Types of grassland covers |
|
|
Dicanthium - Cenchrus - Elyonurus type (Area : 434000 sq. km.) |
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Sehima-Dicanthium cover (Area: 17,400 sq.km.) |
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|
Phragmites - Saccharum cover (Area : 28,00,000 sq.km.) |
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|
Themada - Arundinella cover (Area : 2,30,400 sq.km.) |
|
|
Temperate and Alpine cover |
|
|
Production level of grassland covers in India |
|
|
Over grazing |
|
|
Grassland improvement and management techniques |
|
|
Weed control (Bush control) |
|
|
Burning of grass lands |
|
|
Enclosure of grass lands |
|
|
Reseeding |
|
|
Conservation of soil and moisture |
|
|
Grazing management |
|
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Grazing methods |
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Controlled continuous grazing |
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Deferred grazing |
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Rotational grazing |
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Deferred and rotational grazing |
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Pasture – pastural farming or ranching |
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Natural Pasture |
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Artificial Pasture |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 4 |
Learning objective |
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What are cereal fodders? |
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Cereal fodder crops for irrigated condition |
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Cereal fodder for rainfed condition |
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Cereal fodder for hilly/temperate zone |
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Cultivation methods |
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Field preparation |
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Seeds and sowing |
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Manures and fertilizers |
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Weeding |
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Irrigation |
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Mixed cropping |
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Plant protection |
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Harvest |
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Why harvesting time is important? |
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Proper time of harvest |
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 Image - maize crop |
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Image - Sorghum Co.FS 29 |
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Image - Sorghum annual |
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Introduction to Grass fodders |
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Grasses for irrigated conditions |
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Choice of grasses for rainfed conditions |
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Choice of grasses for Hilly regions |
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Cultivation methods |
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Field preparation |
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Seeds and sowing |
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Manures and fertilizers |
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Weeding |
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Irrigation |
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Plant protection |
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Harvest |
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Green fodder yield |
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Image -Bajra Napier Co.CN4 |
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Image - Guinea grass Co. GG3 |
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Image - Buffel grass |
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Image - Berseem |
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PODCAST - Cereal Fodders |
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PODCAST - Grass fodders |
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Learning objective |
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What are cereal fodders? |
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Cereal fodder crops for irrigated condition |
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Cereal fodder for rainfed condition |
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Cereal fodder for hilly/temperate zone |
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Cultivation methods |
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Field preparation |
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Seeds and sowing |
|
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Manures and fertilizers |
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|
Weeding |
|
|
Irrigation |
|
|
Mixed cropping |
|
|
Plant protection |
|
|
Harvest |
|
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Why harvesting time is important? |
|
|
Proper time of harvest |
|
|
Image - maize crop |
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Image - Sorghum Co.FS 29 |
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Image - Sorghum annual |
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Introduction to Grass fodders |
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Grasses for irrigated conditions |
|
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Choice of grasses for rainfed conditions |
|
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Choice of grasses for Hilly regions |
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Cultivation methods |
|
|
Field preparation |
|
|
Seeds and sowing |
|
|
Manures and fertilizers |
|
|
Weeding |
|
|
Irrigation |
|
|
Plant protection |
|
|
Harvest |
|
|
Green fodder yield |
|
|
Image -Bajra Napier Co.CN4 |
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Image - Guinea grass Co. GG3 |
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Image - Buffel grass |
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Image - Berseem |
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PODCAST - Cereal Fodders |
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PODCAST - Grass fodders |
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| Topic 5 |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Legume fodders for Irrigated conditions |
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Legume fodders for rainfed conditions |
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Legume fodders for temperate conditions |
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Cultivation methods |
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Field preparation |
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Seeds and sowing |
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Manures and fertilizers |
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Weeding |
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Mixed cropping / Intercropping |
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Plant protection |
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Irrigation |
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Harvesting |
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Yield |
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Cow pea image |
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Desmanthes image |
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Lucerne image |
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Why tree fodder ? |
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Sylvipasture system |
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Fodders for sylvipasture system |
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For north western region |
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For Indo gangetic plains |
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Central zone |
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For coastal zone |
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For north - eastern zone |
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Multi-tier systems for grassland development |
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Multi purpose tree species |
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Nutritive value of common tree leaves |
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Soobabul image |
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Glyricidia image |
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Sesbania image |
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Erythrina indica -image |
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Inga dulci - image |
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Sylvipasture - Glyridia and stylo |
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PODCAST - Legume fodders |
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PODCAST - Tree fodders |
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Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
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Legume fodders for Irrigated conditions |
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Legume fodders for rainfed conditions |
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Legume fodders for temperate conditions |
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Cultivation methods |
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Field preparation |
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Seeds and sowing |
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Manures and fertilizers |
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Weeding |
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Mixed cropping / Intercropping |
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Plant protection |
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Irrigation |
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Harvesting |
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Yield |
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Cow pea image |
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Desmanthes image |
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Lucerne image |
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Why tree fodder ? |
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Sylvipasture system |
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Fodders for sylvipasture system |
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For north western region |
|
|
For Indo gangetic plains |
|
|
Central zone |
|
|
For coastal zone |
|
|
For north - eastern zone |
|
|
Multi-tier systems for grassland development |
|
|
Multi purpose tree species |
|
|
Nutritive value of common tree leaves |
|
|
Soobabul image |
|
|
Glyricidia image |
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Sesbania image |
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|
Erythrina indica -image |
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Inga dulci - image |
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Sylvipasture - Glyridia and stylo |
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PODCAST - Legume fodders |
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PODCAST - Tree fodders |
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| Topic 6 |
Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
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What are the losses in storage? |
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Factors affecting feed value and deterioration |
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Physical factors |
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Biological factors |
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Insects |
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Fungi |
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Rodents |
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Chemical and engineering factors |
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Design of Stores |
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PODCAST |
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|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
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What are the losses in storage? |
|
|
Factors affecting feed value and deterioration |
|
|
Physical factors |
|
|
Biological factors |
|
|
Insects |
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Fungi |
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Rodents |
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Chemical and engineering factors |
|
|
Design of Stores |
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|
PODCAST |
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| Topic 7 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
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What is silage? |
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Characteristics of silo |
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Types of silo |
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Size of silos |
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What are the suitable crops? |
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Steps in the preparation of forage for making silage |
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Common additives and preservatives used |
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Silo filling and sealing |
|
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When to open the silo? |
|
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How to assess the silage quality? |
|
|
Advantages of silage |
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Disadvantages of silage |
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Haylage and wastelage |
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|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
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What is silage? |
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Characteristics of silo |
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Types of silo |
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Size of silos |
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What are the suitable crops? |
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Steps in the preparation of forage for making silage |
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Common additives and preservatives used |
|
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Silo filling and sealing |
|
|
When to open the silo? |
|
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How to assess the silage quality? |
|
|
Advantages of silage |
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Disadvantages of silage |
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Haylage and wastelage |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 8 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
What is hay? |
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Principles of hay making |
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Types of hay |
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Legume and non legume hay |
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Steps in hay making |
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Loss of nutrients in hay making |
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Storage of hay |
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PODCAST |
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Learning objectives |
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What is hay? |
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Principles of hay making |
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Types of hay |
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Legume and non legume hay |
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Steps in hay making |
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Loss of nutrients in hay making |
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Storage of hay |
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PODCAST |
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| Topic 9 |
Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
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Types of scarcity fodders |
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Failed crops |
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Crop residues |
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Vegetable crop residues |
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Non-traditional plants |
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Plant oriented wastes |
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Agro- Industry wastes and other unconventional feeds |
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Use of molasses |
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Vegetable protein sources |
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Animal protein sources |
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Energy sources |
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Other miscellaneous unconventional feeds |
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PODCAST |
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Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
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Types of scarcity fodders |
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Failed crops |
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|
Crop residues |
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|
Vegetable crop residues |
|
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Non-traditional plants |
|
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Plant oriented wastes |
|
|
Agro- Industry wastes and other unconventional feeds |
|
|
Use of molasses |
|
|
Vegetable protein sources |
|
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Animal protein sources |
|
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Energy sources |
|
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Other miscellaneous unconventional feeds |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
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| Topic 10 |
Learning objectives |
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|
Introduction |
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|
Scope of crop residue utilization |
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The potential of straw |
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Paddy straw |
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Wheat straw |
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Ragi straw |
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Enrichment methods |
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Increase the digestibility |
|
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Increase the nutritive value |
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Ammoniation |
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Urea- molasses mixture |
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|
Urea enrichment |
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|
PODCAST |
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|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Scope of crop residue utilization |
|
|
The potential of straw |
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|
Paddy straw |
|
|
Wheat straw |
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|
Ragi straw |
|
|
Enrichment methods |
|
|
Increase the digestibility |
|
|
Increase the nutritive value |
|
|
Ammoniation |
|
|
Urea- molasses mixture |
|
|
Urea enrichment |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 11 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
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|
Feeding systems |
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Nutrient requirement of Cattle |
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Common feeding stuff |
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Feeding standards |
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Formulation of balanced ration |
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Computing ration for a milch cow |
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Computing ration for a milch buffalo |
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Daily requirement |
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Safety in cattle feeds |
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Traditional pastures |
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Improved pastures |
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|
All forage diets for sheep and goats |
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|
Efficient feed ration |
|
|
Use of molasses in livestock feeding |
|
|
Daily requirements |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Feeding systems |
|
|
Nutrient requirement of Cattle |
|
|
Common feeding stuff |
|
|
Feeding standards |
|
|
Formulation of balanced ration |
|
|
Computing ration for a milch cow |
|
|
Computing ration for a milch buffalo |
|
|
Daily requirement |
|
|
Safety in cattle feeds |
|
|
Traditional pastures |
|
|
Improved pastures |
|
|
All forage diets for sheep and goats |
|
|
Efficient feed ration |
|
|
Use of molasses in livestock feeding |
|
|
Daily requirements |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 12 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Types of intercropping |
|
|
Why legume is intercropped? |
|
|
Common fodder intercropping |
|
|
Cumbu napier grass + Hedge lucerne |
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Sorghum + Soyabean |
|
|
Fodder maize + Cowpea |
|
|
Buffel grass + Stylo |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Types of intercropping |
|
|
Why legume is intercropped? |
|
|
Common fodder intercropping |
|
|
Cumbu napier grass + Hedge lucerne |
|
|
Sorghum + Soyabean |
|
|
Fodder maize + Cowpea |
|
|
Buffel grass + Stylo |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 13 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Utilization and Sources of organic wastes |
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|
Manurial value |
|
|
Energy value |
|
|
Value addition |
|
|
Benefits of panchakavya |
|
|
Benefits of panchakavya in animal health |
|
|
Scientific analysis of panchakavya |
|
|
Vermicompost |
|
|
Earthworm image |
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|
Requirements |
|
|
Process of vermicomposting |
|
|
Harvesting |
|
|
Pests and predators |
|
|
Benefits of vermicompost |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Utilization and Sources of organic wastes |
|
|
Manurial value |
|
|
Energy value |
|
|
Value addition |
|
|
Benefits of panchakavya |
|
|
Benefits of panchakavya in animal health |
|
|
Scientific analysis of panchakavya |
|
|
Vermicompost |
|
|
Earthworm image |
|
|
Requirements |
|
|
Process of vermicomposting |
|
|
Harvesting |
|
|
Pests and predators |
|
|
Benefits of vermicompost |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 14 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Soil erosion |
|
|
Measures to conserve soil due to water erosion |
|
|
Agronomic measures |
|
|
Mechanical measures |
|
|
Forestry measures |
|
|
Agrostological measures |
|
|
Measures to control wind erosion |
|
|
Moisture conservation practices |
|
|
Arresting maximum amount of rainfall at the site of occurrence |
|
|
Maximizing soil moisture storage |
|
|
Reducing soil moisture losses |
|
|
Overcoming soil-physical constraints |
|
|
Antitranspirants |
|
|
 Surface movement of water |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Soil erosion |
|
|
Measures to conserve soil due to water erosion |
|
|
Agronomic measures |
|
|
Mechanical measures |
|
|
Forestry measures |
|
|
Agrostological measures |
|
|
Measures to control wind erosion |
|
|
Moisture conservation practices |
|
|
Arresting maximum amount of rainfall at the site of occurrence |
|
|
Maximizing soil moisture storage |
|
|
Reducing soil moisture losses |
|
|
Overcoming soil-physical constraints |
|
|
Antitranspirants |
|
|
Surface movement of water |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 15 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Water requirement of crop |
|
|
Different approaches for irrigation scheduling |
|
|
Irrigation methods |
|
|
Bajra Napier under sprinkler irrigation - image |
|
|
Drainage |
|
|
Methods of drainage |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Water requirement of crop |
|
|
Different approaches for irrigation scheduling |
|
|
Irrigation methods |
|
|
Bajra Napier under sprinkler irrigation - image |
|
|
Drainage |
|
|
Methods of drainage |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 16 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Sources of farm power |
|
|
Different forms of power |
|
|
Agro energy |
|
|
Biogas |
|
|
Wind energy |
|
|
Solar energy |
|
|
Biogas production - Animation |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Sources of farm power |
|
|
Different forms of power |
|
|
Agro energy |
|
|
Biogas |
|
|
Wind energy |
|
|
Solar energy |
|
|
Biogas production - Animation |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 17 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Tillage implements |
|
|
Country plough |
|
|
Mould board plough |
|
|
Disc plough |
|
|
Methods of ploughing |
|
|
Cultivator |
|
|
Harrows |
|
|
Leveller |
|
|
Ridger |
|
|
Bund former |
|
|
Melur plough |
|
|
Chisel plough |
|
|
Basin lister |
|
|
Puddler |
|
|
Green manure trampler |
|
|
Power operated soil auger - image |
|
|
Sowing equipment |
|
|
Methods of sowing the seeds |
|
|
Hand operated seed broadcasting device |
|
|
Seed drill |
|
|
Seed cum fertilzer drill - image |
|
|
Interculture equipment |
|
|
Weeders |
|
|
Mini power tiller for weeding and interculture |
|
|
Row- crop cultivators |
|
|
Guntaka |
|
|
Plant protection equipment |
|
|
Types of sprayers |
|
|
Hand atomizer and compression sprayer |
|
|
Bucket sprayer and rocker sprayer |
|
|
Knapsack sprayer |
|
|
Tree sprayer and tractor mounted boom sprayer |
|
|
Air craft sprayer |
|
|
Types of spraying based on the spray application rate |
|
|
Hand atomizer |
|
|
Knapsack sprayer |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
Tillage implements |
|
|
Country plough |
|
|
Mould board plough |
|
|
Disc plough |
|
|
Methods of ploughing |
|
|
Cultivator |
|
|
Harrows |
|
|
Leveller |
|
|
Ridger |
|
|
Bund former |
|
|
Melur plough |
|
|
Chisel plough |
|
|
Basin lister |
|
|
Puddler |
|
|
Green manure trampler |
|
|
Power operated soil auger - image |
|
|
Sowing equipment |
|
|
Methods of sowing the seeds |
|
|
Hand operated seed broadcasting device |
|
|
Seed drill |
|
|
Seed cum fertilzer drill - image |
|
|
Interculture equipment |
|
|
Weeders |
|
|
Mini power tiller for weeding and interculture |
|
|
Row- crop cultivators |
|
|
Guntaka |
|
|
Plant protection equipment |
|
|
Types of sprayers |
|
|
Hand atomizer and compression sprayer |
|
|
Bucket sprayer and rocker sprayer |
|
|
Knapsack sprayer |
|
|
Tree sprayer and tractor mounted boom sprayer |
|
|
Air craft sprayer |
|
|
Types of spraying based on the spray application rate |
|
|
Hand atomizer |
|
|
Knapsack sprayer |
|
|
PODCAST |
|
|
| Topic 19 |
Learning objectives |
|
|
Important non-legume fodders |
|
|
Important legume fodders |
|
|
Important tree fodders |
|
|
Line drawings of important fodder crops |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Drag and drop quiz |
|
|
Important Fodder crops |
|
|
Learning objectives |
|
|
Important non-legume fodders |
|
|
Important legume fodders |
|
|
Important tree fodders |
|
|
Line drawings of important fodder crops |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Drag and drop quiz |
|
|
Important Fodder crops |
|
|
| Topic 20 |
Area |
|
|
Season |
|
|
Preparatory cultivation |
|
|
Manures and fertilizers |
|
|
After cultivation |
|
|
Plant protection |
|
|
Methods of weed control |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Acid treatment of seeds |
|
|
Hot water treatment of seeds |
|
|
Bio-fertizer treatment of seeds |
|
|
Area |
|
|
Season |
|
|
Preparatory cultivation |
|
|
Manures and fertilizers |
|
|
After cultivation |
|
|
Plant protection |
|
|
Methods of weed control |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Acid treatment of seeds |
|
|
Hot water treatment of seeds |
|
|
Bio-fertizer treatment of seeds |
|
|
| Topic 21 |
Lucerne |
|
|
Desmanthes |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Lucerne |
|
|
Desmanthes |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 22 |
Cowpea |
|
|
Desmodium |
|
|
Stylo |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Cowpea |
|
|
Desmodium |
|
|
Stylo |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 23 |
Bajra Napier hybrid grass |
|
|
Guinea grass |
|
|
Para grass |
|
|
Buffel grass |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Staggered sowing - Animation |
|
|
Bajra Napier hybrid grass |
|
|
Guinea grass |
|
|
Para grass |
|
|
Buffel grass |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Staggered sowing - Animation |
|
|
| Topic 24 |
Fodder maize |
|
|
Baby corn |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Fodder maize |
|
|
Baby corn |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 25 |
Fodder sorghum |
|
|
Rainfed sorghum |
|
|
Fodder bajra |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Fodder sorghum |
|
|
Rainfed sorghum |
|
|
Fodder bajra |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 26 |
Subabul |
|
|
Glyricidia |
|
|
Sesbania |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 27 |
Identification |
|
|
Hand atomizer |
|
|
Knapsack sprayer |
|
|
Hand compression sprayer |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
Drag and drop quiz for finding seeds |
|
|
Drag and drop quiz for finding implements |
|
|
| Topic 28 |
Types of intercropping |
|
|
Advantages |
|
|
Common intercropping |
|
|
Backyard cropping |
|
|
| Topic 29 |
Silage making |
|
|
Silage making |
|
|
Hay making |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 30 |
Manurial value |
|
|
Energy value |
|
|
Gobar gas plant |
|
|
Panchakavya |
|
|
Vermicompost |
|
|
| Topic 31 |
Assignment |
|
|
Video on Fodder crops and seeds |
|
|
| Topic 32 |
Formulation of feed ration |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 33 |
Possible storage losses |
|
|
Assignment |
|
|
| Topic 34 |
Cost of cultivation |
|
|
Fodder sorghum |
|
|
Lucerne |
|
|
Bajra napier |
|
|
| Topic 35 |
Question Bank |
|
|
Model Question paper |
|
|
Suggested Readings |
|
|
Additional reading |
|
|
Acknowledgement |
|
Participants