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Table of contents |
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Introduction |
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Course structure |
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Syllabus |
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11 April - 17 April |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Embryology |
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Testicular descent |
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Scrotum |
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PODCAST - Embryology and scrotum |
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Testis |
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Species difference |
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Thermoregulation of testis |
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Blood testis barriers |
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Epididymis |
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Inguinal canal |
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Vas deferens or Ductus deferens |
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PODCAST - Testis, epididymis, vas deferens & ampulla |
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Accessory sex glands of male |
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Seminal vesicle |
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Prostate gland |
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Bulbo-urethral gland or Cowper’s gland |
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Urethral glands |
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Uterus masculinus |
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Urethra |
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Penis |
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Penis - Species-wise differences |
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Prepuce |
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Testicular parenchyma |
TESTICULAR PARENCHYMA In this video, you can visualize, buldging of testicular parenchyma on section. You can notice the colour of the testicular parenchyma. |
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PODCAST - Accessory sex glands, penis & prepuce |
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18 April - 24 April |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Puberty Vs Sexual maturity |
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Factors affecting puberty / Sexual maturity |
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Endocrinology of male reproduction |
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Testosterone |
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Biosynthesis |
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25 April - 1 May |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Spermatocytogenesis |
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Spermiogenesis |
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Golgi phase |
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Cap phase |
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Acrosomal phase |
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Maturation phase |
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Duration of spermatogenesis |
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Spermiation |
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Structure of spermatozoa |
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Factors affecting spermatogenesis |
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Physical factors |
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Chemical factors |
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Nutritional factors |
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Hormonal factors |
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Genetic factors |
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Pathological factors |
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Age factors |
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2 May - 8 May |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Stages of reproductive behaviour |
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Precopulatory behaviour |
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Copulatory behaviour |
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Postcopulatory behaviour |
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Factors affecting sex drive / sex libido |
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Sexual behaviour - Bull |
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Sexual behaviour - Buffalo |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - BUFFALO In this video, you can visualize, stages of act of copulation in buffalo. |
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Sexual behaviour - Stallion |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - STALLION In this video, you can visualize, stages of act of copulation in stallion. |
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Sexual behaviour - Ram |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - RAM In this video, you can visualize, stages of act of copulation in ram. |
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Sexual behaviour - Buck |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - BUCK In this video, you can visualize, stages of act of copulation in buck. |
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Sexual behaviour - Boar |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - BOAR In this video, you can visualize, stages of act of copulation in boar. |
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Lordosis in sow |
OESTRUS BEHAVIOUR - SOW In this video, you can visualize, the erection of ears and immobilization stance in sow. |
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Sexual preparation - Horse |
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR - HORSE In this video, you can visualize, the sexual preparation of a stallion. |
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9 May - 15 May |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Factors causing impotentia coeundi |
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Environmental factors |
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Prognosis and treatment |
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Joint, muscle, nerve, bone and tendon injuries and pathology |
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Prognosis and treatment |
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16 May - 22 May |
Learning objectives |
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Diseases of the Penis and Prepuce |
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Inability to protrude the penis |
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Deviation of the Penis or Phallocampsis |
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Adhesions of the Penis and Prepuce |
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Tumors of the Penis and Prepuce |
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Phimosis or Stenosis of the Preputial Orifice |
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Paraphimosis |
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Balanoposthitis |
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Miscellaneous Causes for Loss of Libido or Inability to Copulate |
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23 May - 29 May |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Impotentia generandi associated with normal semen production |
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Impotentia generandi associated with abnormal semen production |
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Pathology of testis |
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Testicular hypoplasia |
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Incidence, pathogenesis and etiology |
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Symptoms |
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Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment |
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Hereditary defects of spermatozoa |
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Dag defect |
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Returned tails and narrow heads |
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Knobbed acrosome defect |
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Corkscrew defect |
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Diadem defect |
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Pseudodroplet defect |
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The decapitated sperm defect |
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Inbreeding, hybridization, freemartinism and intersexes |
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Cryptorchidism |
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Imperfect descent of the testis |
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Torsion of testis |
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Scrotal and inguinal hernia |
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30 May - 5 June |
Learning objectives |
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Acquired testicular pathology |
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Testicular degeneration |
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Causes of testicular degeneration |
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Thermal causes |
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Vascular disturbances |
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Irradiation |
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Hormonal factors |
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Age |
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Acute or Sub-acute trauma, stress or disease |
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Acute or Chronic, localized or Systemic infectious diseases |
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Nutritional factors |
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Infectious diseases |
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Poisons or Toxins |
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Auto-immunization |
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Testicular neoplasms |
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Genetic or Hereditary factors |
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Signs of testicular degeneration |
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Prognosis and treatment |
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Epididymitis |
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Anomalies |
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Tumors |
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Pathology of vas deferens and ampullitis |
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PODCAST |
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6 June - 12 June |
Learning objectives |
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Diseases of accessory sex glands |
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Seminal vesiculitis |
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Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment |
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Prostitis |
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Prostatic hyperplasia |
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Adenocarcinoma of the prostate |
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Miscellaneous forms of infertility |
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Coital injuries |
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Balanitis and posthitis |
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Injury or Trauma to the penis |
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Hemorrhage from the prepuce and penis |
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Herpes coital exanthema |
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Fracture of penis |
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Injury of the scrotum and testis |
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Miscellaneous injuries |
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PODCAST |
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13 June - 19 June |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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History and development |
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Advantages |
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Limitations |
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20 June - 26 June |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Semen collection in bulls |
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Semen collection in stallions |
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Semen collection in rams and bucks |
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Semen collection in boars |
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Semen collection in dogs |
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Factors affecting quality and quantity of semen |
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Factors affecting quality of semen after collection |
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Preparation of artificial vagina for semen collection from bull |
PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL VAGINA In this video, you will watch the preparation of artificial vagina for semen collection from bulls. |
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Semen collection from cattle bull |
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27 June - 3 July |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Precautions to be taken |
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Different tests |
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Macroscopic semen evaluation |
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Volume |
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Colour |
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Viscosity and density |
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Presence of foreign materials |
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Gross motility |
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PODCAST - Macroscopic examination of semen, mass activity and indidual motility |
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Microscopic semen evaluation |
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Mass activity |
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Individual motility |
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Sperm concentration |
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Live and dead sperms |
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Sperm abnormality |
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Acrosome integrity |
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PODCAST - Sperm concentration estimation and live and dead examination |
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Biochemical evaluation |
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Hydrogen ion concentration or pH of the semen |
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Methylene blue dye reduction test |
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Hypo osmotic swelling test |
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Fructolysis index |
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Oxygen uptake or Utilization test |
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Pyruvate utilisation test |
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Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity |
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Hyaluronidase activity |
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Resazurin test |
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Buffering capacity test |
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Alkaline and acid phosphatase test |
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Millovanov’s resistance test |
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PODCAST - Sperm morphology examination and acrosome integrity test |
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PODCAST - Biochemical and resistant to environment test for semen evaluation |
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Resistance to environment tests |
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High temperature viability test |
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Cold shock resistance test |
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Resistance to sodium chloride |
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Physical methods of evaluation of semen |
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Chemical tests to evaluate semen |
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Post- thaw evaluation of semen |
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Post-thaw motility |
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Post-thaw acrosomal integrity |
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Post thaw release of acrosome enzymes |
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Post-thaw incubation survival of spermatozoa at 37 degree centigrade |
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Biological test |
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Preparation of sperms, sperm - oocyte interaction and scroring |
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PODCAST - Physical chemical and biological test and post thaw examination of semen |
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Mass activity - Grade 4 and 3 |
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Initial/Individual motility - 70-80% |
INITIAL MOTILITY - 70-80% In this video, you can visualize a diluted semen sample with 70-80% initial motility. |
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Initial/individual motility - 60-70% |
INITIAL MOTILITY - 60-70% In this video, you can visualize a diluted semen sample with initial motility of 60-70%. |
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Initial motility - Circular |
INITIAL MOTILITY-CIRCULAR In this video, you can visualize a diluted semen sample with circular motility. |
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Initial motility - Jerky |
INITIAL MOTILITY - JERKY In this video, you can visualize a diluted semen sample with jerky motility. |
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Sperm concentration estimation |
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Live and dead sperm examination |
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4 July - 10 July |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Extenders for semen |
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Components of semen exrenders |
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Buffer |
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Fructose |
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Glycerol |
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Egg yolk |
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Antibiotics |
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Precautions in the preparation of semen diluents |
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Diluent preparation |
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Preparation of buffer |
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Preparation of diluent |
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Calculation of dilution rate |
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Diluents for liquid semen |
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Diluents for frozen semen |
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11 July - 17 July |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Preservation at room temperature |
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Illini variable temperature (IVT) diluent |
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Cornell university extender(CUE) |
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Milovanov's method / Carbonate - Phosphate method |
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Coconut milk extender (CME) |
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Caprogen |
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MG32 extender |
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Storage of semen at refrigeration temperature |
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Egg yolk phosphate extender (EYP) |
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Egg yolk citrate extender (EYC) |
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Caprogen |
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Kampschmidt or Egg yolk glucose bicarbonate extender (EYGB) |
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D2 dilutor |
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D5 dilutor |
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Glycine dilutor |
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Milk dilutor |
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Citric acid whey |
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Tris yolk extender |
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Storage of semen at ultra-low temperature |
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Tris - egg yolk - glycerol diluent / universal diluent |
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Sodium citrate extender |
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Milk extenders |
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Lactose egg yolk extender |
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18 July - 24 July |
Learning objectives |
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Packaging of semen |
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Ampoule method |
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Pellet method |
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Straw technique |
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Tupol method |
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Deep freezing of semen - Introduction |
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Preparation of diluent |
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Collection of semen |
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Evaluation of semen |
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Dilution of semen |
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Filling and sealing of straws |
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Printing of straws |
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Racking |
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Equilibration of semen |
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Freezing of semen |
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Preliminary storage and post freeze examination |
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Semen collection from cattle bull |
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Semen evaluation, processing and final dilution |
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Filling, sealing and printing of semen straws |
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Equilibration/pre-freeze storage of semen |
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Deep freezing of semen in bio-freezer |
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25 July - 31 July |
Learning objectives |
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Storage of semen |
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Short-term liquid storage of semen |
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Long term storage |
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Storage of frozen semen |
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Handling during and after thawing of frozen semen |
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Shipment of semen |
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Shipment of liquid semen |
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Shipment of frozen semen |
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Dry ice |
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Liquid nitrogen |
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Care and maintenance of LN2 containers |
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Assessment of LN2 level |
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1 August - 7 August |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Cattle |
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Vaginal insemination |
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Cervical insemination using speculum method |
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Recto-vaginal method |
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Constraints |
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Types of straws |
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Thawing french semen straw |
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Loading of AI gun (French straw) |
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Site of semen deposition |
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Inseminating with german minitube straw |
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Thawing semen from ampoules |
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Sheep and goat |
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Cervical AI |
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Trans - Cervical AI |
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Laparoscopic AI |
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Horses |
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Pigs |
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Dogs |
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Cats |
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AI in a cow - Part I |
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AI in a cow - Part II |
Artificial Insemination in a cow - Part - II This video will demonstrate thawing of frozen semen straws, loading of AI gun and semen deposition in a cow. |
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8 August - 14 August |
Introduction |
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15 August - 21 August |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Components of a semen station |
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General considerations |
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Housing for bulls |
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Semen collection shed |
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Semen evaluation and processing laboratory |
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Frozen semen storage area |
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Quality control lab |
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Store for feed and fodders |
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Segregation shed for sick animals |
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Open area for bull exercise |
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Residential quarters for workers |
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Quarantine shed for newly introducing animals |
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Materials required in a semen bank |
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22 August - 28 August |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Bull selection |
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Housing management |
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Feeding of bulls |
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Bull attendant |
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Restraining of bulls |
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Routine health checkup |
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Vaccination and deworming |
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Disease screening |
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Cleaning, grooming and brushing |
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Exercise |
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Training procedure |
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Preputial washing |
PREPUTIAL WASHING In this video, you will watch the preputial washing of bulls, which should be done at least once in two weeks. |
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29 August - 4 September |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Libido |
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Mating ability |
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Weight and body condition |
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Rear leg conformation |
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Vision and teeth |
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Penis |
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Prepuce |
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Testes |
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Epididymis |
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Internal genital organs |
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Vesicular glands |
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Ampullae and prostate |
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Internal inguinal rings |
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Scrotal circumference (SC) |
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Methods of semen collections |
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Appearance of semen |
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Sperm density and volume |
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Motility of spermatozoa |
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Gross motility and mass activity |
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Individual motility |
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Concentration of spermatozoa |
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Live sperm |
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Morphology of spermatozoa |
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Classification of semen quality and grading of bulls |
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Abnormal scrotal conformation |
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Variations in normal scrotal circumference |
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Format for investigation of a bull for breeding soundness examination |
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5 September - 11 September |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Hygienic practices |
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Sterilization of artificial insemination laboratory equipment |
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Artificial vagina (AV) |
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Glass wares |
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Collection tube |
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Rubber wares |
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Distilled water |
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Buffer |
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Diluent |
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Bacteriological media |
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Filter papers |
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Summary of sterilization |
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Ethylene oxide gas sterilizer |
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Fumigation using humidifier |
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Ultra-violet irradiation of laboratory |
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12 September - 18 September |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Methods of semen collection in bulls |
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Methods of semen collection in stallion |
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Methods of semen collection in ram and buck |
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Methods of semen collection in boars |
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Methods of semen collection in dogs |
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Parts of artificial vagina of bull |
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Preparation of artificial vagina for semen collection from bull |
PREPARATION OF ARTIFICIAL VAGINA In this video, you will watch the preparation of artificial vagina for semen collection from bulls. |
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19 September - 25 September |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Precaution to be taken to maintain semen quality |
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Different tests to assess the sperm quality |
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Volume |
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Colour |
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Viscosity and density |
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Presence of foreign materials |
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Gross motility |
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Mass activity |
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Mass activity of semen |
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Individual motility |
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Initial / Individual motility - 10-20% |
INITIAL/INDIVIDUAL MOTILITY - 10-20% In this video, you can observe diluted cattle bull semen with 10-20% initial progressive motility. |
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Initial / Individual motility - 30-40% |
INITIAL/INDIVIDUAL MOTILITY - 30-40% In this video, you can observe diluted cattle bull semen with 30-40% initial progressive motility. |
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Initial / Individual motility - 60-70% |
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Initial / Individual motility - 70-80% |
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Initial / Individual motility -80% |
INITIAL/INDIVIDUAL MOTILITY - 80% In this video, you can observe diluted cattle bull semen with 80% initial progressive motility. |
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Jerky motility |
JERKY MOTILITY In this video, you can observe diluted cattle bull semen with jerky motility. |
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Circular motility |
CIRCULAR MOTILITY In this video you will can observe circular motility of sperms in diluted semen. |
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Other microscopic semen tests |
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26 September - 2 October |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Methods of concentration estimation |
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Procedure for concentration estimation by haemocytometer |
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Concentration estimation by haemocytometer |
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Sperm concentration estimation by haemocytometer |
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Introduction |
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Principle |
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Procedure and result interpretation |
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Live and dead examination |
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Method of making smear for live and dead examination in a semen sample |
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Live and dead sperm estimation - Eosin-nigrosin staining method |
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3 October - 9 October |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Classification of sperm abnormality |
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Methods of assessing sperm morphology |
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Eosin-nigrosin staining method |
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Rose bengal staining method |
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Interpretation of result |
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Sperm abnormality examination |
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Method of making smear for sperm morphology |
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Sperm morphology examination / abnormal sperm estimation |
REDUCTION PROCEDURE - Step 2 In this video, you will watch the step wise procedure for eosin-nigrosin staining method for sperm morphology examination/abnormal sperm estimation. |
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Introduction |
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Pre requisites |
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Staining procedure and result interpretation |
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Acrosome defects - I |
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Acorosome defects - 2 |
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Acrosome defects - 3 |
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Giemsa staining procedure - Acrosome integrity Part 1 |
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Giemsa staining procedure - Acrosome integrity - Part 2 |
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10 October - 16 October |
Learning objectives |
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pH estimation of semen |
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Principle |
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Procedure and interpretation of result |
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Materials required |
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Hypo osmotic swelling test |
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Procedure and interpretation of result |
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Hypo osmotic swelling test - Part 1 |
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Hypo osmotic swelling test - Part 2 |
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Introduction |
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Materials required and procedure for estimation of fructose |
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Calculation |
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Other biochemical tests |
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Resistance to environment |
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17 October - 23 October |
Learning objectives |
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Physical methods of evaluation of semen |
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Chemical tests |
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In vitro fertility assay of sperm |
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Selection, superovulation, collection and preparation of oocyte |
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Preparation of sperms |
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Sperm-oocyte co-incubation |
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Scoring for sperm penetration |
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Post thaw evaluation of semen |
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Post thaw motility-Buffalo semen - 10% |
POST THAW MOTILITY - 10% In this video you can observe a buffalo frozen thawed semen with 10% post thaw motility. |
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Post thaw motility - Buffalo semen - 50-60% |
POST THAW MOTILITY - 50-60% In this video you can observe a buffalo frozen thawed semen with 50-60% post thaw motility. |
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Post thaw motility - Buffalo semen - 60-70% |
POST THAW MOTILITY - 60-70% In this video you can observe a buffalo frozen thawed semen with 60-70% post thaw motility. |
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Post thaw motility - Bull semen - 50-60% |
POST THAW MOTILITY - 50-60% In this video you can observe a cattle bull frozen thawed semen with 50-60% post thaw motility. |
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Post thaw motility - Bull semen - 60-70% |
POST THAW MOTILITY - 60-70% In this video you can observe a cattle bull frozen thawed semen with 60-70% post thaw motility. |
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Post thaw motility - Jerky and circular - Buffalo semen |
POST THAW MOTILITY -JERKY AND CIRCULAR In this video you can observe a buffalo frozen thawed semen with jerky and circular motility. |
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24 October - 30 October |
Learning objectives |
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Methods of semen preservation |
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|
Introduction |
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Illini variable temperature (IVT) diluent |
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|
Cornell university extender (CUE) |
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Milovanov’s method / Carbonate - phosphate method |
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Coconut milk extender (CME) |
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Caprogen |
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Mg32 extender |
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Introduction |
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Egg yolk phosphate extender (EYP) |
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Egg yolk citrate extender (EYC) |
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Caprogen |
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Kampschmidt or Egg yolk glucose bicarbonate extender (EYGB) |
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D2 dilutor |
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D5 dilutor |
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Glycine dilutor |
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Milk dilutor |
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Citric acid whey |
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Tris-yolk extender |
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Introduction |
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Tris - eggyolk - glycerol diluent / Universal diluent |
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Other diluents used in ultra low temperature |
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31 October - 6 November |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Properties of a good diluent |
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Composition of tris egg yolk glycerol / Universal diluent |
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Significance of the diluent components |
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Diluent preparation |
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Calculation of dilution rate |
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Dilution of semen |
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Tris buffer preparation |
TRIS BUFFER PREPARATION In this video you can watch the tris buffer preparation. Watch for the hygenic and step wise preparation of tris buffer. |
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Tris - egg yolk - glycerol / Universal diluent preparation |
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7 November - 13 November |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Preparation of diluent |
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Collection of semen |
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Evaluation of semen |
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Dilution of semen |
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Filling and sealing of semen straws |
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Printing (Identification) of straws |
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Racking |
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Equilibration of semen |
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Freezing of semen |
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Preliminary storage and post freeze examination |
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Introduction |
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Ampoule method |
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Pellet method |
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Straw method |
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Tupol method |
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Semen collection from cattle bull |
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Semen evaluation, processing and final dilution |
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Filling, sealing and printing of semen straws |
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Equilibration / Pre-freeze storage of semen |
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Deep freezing of semen in bio-freezer |
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14 November - 20 November |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Vaginal insemination |
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Cervical insemination using vaginal speculam |
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Insemination of cow by using vaginal speculum |
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Rectovaginal method |
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Constraints of frozen semen |
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Types of semen straws |
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Thawing, loading and site of semen deposition |
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Inseminating with German minitube straw |
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Thawing semen from ampoules |
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Precautions to be taken while inseminating a cow |
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Insemination techniques in other farm and pet animals |
Insemination techniques in other farm and pet animals |
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Cervical insemination of doe by using vaginal speculum |
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Cervical insemination using vaginal speculum in goat - Part 1 |
CERVICAL INSEMINATION IN GOAT USING VAGINAL SPECULUM - PART 1 In this video you will watch the method of cervical insemination of goat using vaginal speculum (glass). |
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Cervial insemination using vaginal speculum in goat - Part 2 |
CERVICAL INSEMINATION IN GOAT USING VAGINAL SPECULUM - PART 2 In this video you will watch the method of cervical insemination of goat using vaginal speculum (glass). |
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AI in a cow - Part I |
AI IN A COW _ PART I This video will demonstrate the assessment of a cow for AI |
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AI in a cow part - II |
AI IN A COW PART - II This video will explain about the thawing of frozem semen straws, loading the AI gun and semen deposition in a cow. |
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21 November - 27 November |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Storage of frozen semen |
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Structure of liquid nitrogen container |
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Cryogenic agents |
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Safety aspects in handling cryogenic agents |
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Handling of liquid nirtogen container |
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Measuring the level of liquid nitrogen |
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Shipment of frozen semen semen to field level |
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28 November - 4 December |
Learning objectives |
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Introduction |
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Anatomy |
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Methods of castration |
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Castration in bulls |
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Castration in stallion |
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Castration in ram and buck |
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Closed method of castration using burdizzo castrator in goat - Part 1 |
CLOSED METHOD OF CASTRATION USING BURDIZZO CASTRATOR IN GOAT-PART 1 In this video, you will watch the closed method of castration using Burdizzo castrator in goat. Note for the method of restraining, method of application of Burdizzo castrator and castration lines. |
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Closed method of castration using burdizzo castrator in goat - Part 2 |
CLOSED METHOD OF CASTRATION USING BURDIZZO CASTRATOR IN GOAT-PART 2 In this video, you will watch the closed method of castration using Burdizzo castrator in goat. Note for the method of restraining, method of application of Burdizzo castrator and castration lines. |
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Castration in pigs |
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Castration in dogs |
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5 December - 11 December |
Learning objectives |
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Preparation of teaser bulls |
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Vasectomy |
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Epididymotomy |
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19 December - 25 December |
Short answer question bank |
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Short notes question bank |
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Essay question bank |
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26 December - 1 January |
Terminology |
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Reference text books and web links |
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Acknowledgement |
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9 January - 15 January |
Introduction |
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Scrotum and testis |
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Thermoregulation anf functions of testis |
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Epididymis |
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Vas deferens/ductus deferens |
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Accessory sex glands |
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Urethra |
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Penis and prepuce |
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16 January - 22 January |
Introduction |
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Stages/components of male reproductive behavior |
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Searching of sexual partner |
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Courtship/sexual display |
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Sexual arousal |
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Erection |
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Penile protrusion |
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Mounting |
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Intromission |
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Ejaculation |
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Dismounting |
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Refractoriness |
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Memory |
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