AGB 121: Principles of Animal Genetics and Population Genetics (2+1)

Topic outline

• 
  

  General

  
  

  

  • Syllabus File
• 
  

  Topic 1

  

  Introduction

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Genetics Page
  • Branches of genetics Page
  • Genetics applications Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 2

  

  History of genetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • History of genetics Page
  • Pre-Mendelian ideas on heredity Page
  • Mendel Page
  • Post - Mendel Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 3

  

  Chromosome

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cell Page
  • Chromosomes Page
  • Chromosome number Page
  • Diploid chromosome number in livestock Page
  • Diploid chromosome number in laboratory and other animals Page
  • Diploid chromosome number in birds Page
  • Structure of chromosome Page
  • Centromere positions Page
  • Karyotype Page
  • Special types of chromosomes Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 4

  

  Cell division

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cell division Page
  • Mitosis Page
  • Interphase Page
  • G1 phase Page
  • S phase Page
  • G2 phase Page
  • Stages of mitosis Page
  • Prophase Page
  • Metaphase Page
  • Anaphase Page
  • Telophase Page
  • Cytokinesis Page
  • Meiosis Page
  • Interphase Page
  • Meiosis I Page
  • Prophase I Page
  • Leptotene stage Page
  • Zygotene stage Page
  • Pachytene stage Page
  • Diplotene stage Page
  • Diakinesis Page
  • Metaphase I Page
  • Anaphase I Page
  • Telophase I Page
  • Interkinesis Page
  • Meiosis II Page
  • Differences between mitosis and meiosis Page
  • Gametogenesis in animals
  • Gametogenesis Page
  • Spermatogenesis Page
  • Spermiogenesis Page
  • Oogenesis Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 5

  

  Mendel’s experiments

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Mendel's experimental organism Page
  • Mendel's traits Page
  • Mendel's procedure Page
  • Mendel's explanations and predictions Page
  • Terminology Page
  • Methods for determining the theoretical outcome of any cross Page
  • Punnett square Page
  • Forked line or branch diagram method Page
  • Probability rules Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 6

  

  Monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Monohybrid inheritance Page
  • Law of segregation Page
  • Dihybrid inheritance Page
  • Law of independent assortment Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 7

  

  Polyhybrid crosses

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Poly hybrids Page
  • Back cross and test cross Page
  • Phenocopy Page
  • Validity of Mendel‘s first and second principles Page
  • Reasons for the success of Mendel Page
  • Reasons for the non-recognition of Mendel’s work Page
  • Post Mendel era Page
  • Exceptions to Mendel’s laws Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 8

  

  Modified Mendelian inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Modifications of Mendelian monohybrid ratio Page
  • Incomplete dominance Page
  • Incomplete dominance examples Page
  • Codominance Page
  • Lethals Page
  • Modifications of Mendelian dihybrid ratio Page
  • Inter-allelic interaction Page
  • Epistasis Page
  • Recessive epistasis Page
  • Dominant epistasis Page
  • Dominant and recessive epistasis Page
  • Duplicate recessive epistasis Page
  • Duplicate dominant epistasis Page
  • Duplicate genes with interaction Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 9

  

  Multiple alleles

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Multiple alleles Page
  • Coat colour in rabbits Page
  • Nature of wing in drosophila Page
  • Eye colour in drosophila Page
  • ABO blood group system in man Page
  • Rh-factor alleles in humans Page
  • Other examples Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 10

  

  Lethal genes

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Definition Page
  • Yellow fur in mice Page
  • Creeper condition in domestic fowl Page
  • Achondroplasia in cattle Page
  • Amputated: a recessive lethal in cattle Page
  • Effects of lethal genes Page
  • Detection and elimination of lethal genes Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 11

  

  Sex-linked inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Sex linkage Page
  • X linked inheritance Page
  • X-linked dominant Page
  • X-linked recessive Page
  • X-linked co dominant Page
  • Y-linked genes or holandric genes Page
  • XY linked inheritance Page
  • Characteristics of sex-linked inheritance Page
  • Autosexing in chicken Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 12

  

  Sex-influenced and sex limited inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Sex influenced inheritance Page
  • Sex limited inheritance Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 13

  

  Linkage and crossing over

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Linkage Page
  • Types of linkage Page
  • Strength of linkage Page
  • Crossing over Page
  • Stern’s classical experiment Page
  • Creighton and McClintock experiment Page
  • Events of crossing over Page
  • Kinds of crossing over Page
  • Frequency or percentage of crossing over Page
  • Factors affecting crossing over Page
  • Significance of crossing over Page
  • Chromosome mapping Page
  • Genetic map / Linkage map Page
  • Factors affecting the mapping Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 14

  

  Change in structure of genetic material

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Mutation Page
  • Mutation frequency Page
  • Genetic material Page
  • Forward mutation Page
  • Backward mutation Page
  • Tissue of origin Page
  • Molecular basis of mutation Page
  • Type of amino acid replacement Page
  • Mis-sense mutation Page
  • Nonsense mutation Page
  • Silent mutation Page
  • Causes of mutation Page
  • Spontaneous mutation Page
  • Induced mutation Page
  • Mutagens Page
  • Physical mutagens Page
  • Chemical mutagens Page
  • ClB technique – Drosophila Page
  • DNA repair mechanisms Page
  • Photoreactivation Page
  • Excision repair Page
  • Post replication recombination repair Page
  • Correlation between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity Page
  • Beneficial mutations Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 15

  

  Gene or point mutation

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Introduction Page
  • Kinds of point mutation Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 16

  

  Chromosomal aberrations - Number

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Chrosomal aberrations Page
  • Variations in the chromosome number Page
  • Euploidy Page
  • Monoploidy / Haploidy Page
  • Polyploidy Page
  • Autopolyploidy Page
  • Allopolyploidy Page
  • Aneuploidy Page
  • Monosomy Page
  • Trisomy Page
  • Trisomy of autosomes Page
  • Downs’ syndrome Page
  • Trisomy 13 or Patau’s syndrome Page
  • Trisomy 18 or Edward’s Syndrome Page
  • Trisomy of sexchromosomes Page
  • Triple X syndrome Page
  • 47,XYY syndrome Page
  • Klinefelter syndrome Page
  • Nullisomic Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 17

  

  Chromosomal aberrations - Structure

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Structural changes in chromosomes Page
  • Deletion Page
  • Terminal deletion Page
  • Intercalary deletion Page
  • Effects of deficiency or deletion Page
  • Duplication Page
  • Inversion Page
  • Translocation Page
  • Non-reciprocal translocations Page
  • Reciprocal translocations Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 18

  

  Cytogenetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cytogenetics Page
  • Chromosome banding Page
  • Karyotype Page
  • Karyotype nomenclature Page
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization Page
  • SKY technique Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 19

  

  Extra-chromosomal inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cytoplasmic inheritance Page
  • Leaf variegation in plants Page
  • Snail shell coiling Page
  • Kappa particles in paramecium Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 20

  

  Gene concept

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Gene concept Page
  • Classical concept Page
  • Modern concept Page
  • Differences between DNA and RNA Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 21

  

  Population genetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Introduction Page
  • Genetic structure of populations Page
  • Gene frequency Page
  • Genotype frequency Page
  • Genetic variation Page
  • Factors affecting genetic constitution Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 22

  

  Hardy-Weinberg law

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Hardy-Weinberg Law Page
  • Proof of Hardy-Weinberg Law Page
  • Relationship between genotype and gene frequencies Page
  • Applications of Hardy – Weinberg Law Page
  • Hardy-Weinberg Law - Multiple alleles Page
  • Hardy-Weinberg Law: Sex-linked genes Page
  • More than one locus Page
  • Factors upseting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Page
  • Non-random mating Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 23

  

  Changes of gene and genotypic frequencies

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Forces or agencies changing gene and genotype frequencies Page
  • Migration Page
  • Mutation Page
  • Selection Page
  • Dispersive process Page
  • The idealized population Page
  • Sampling Page
  • Inbreeding Page
  • Effective population size Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 24

  

  Quantitative inheritance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Quantitative traits Page
  • Values and means Page
  • Genotypic value Page
  • Population mean Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 25

  

  Average effect and breeding value

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Average effect Page
  • Breeding value Page
  • Dominace deviation Page
  • Interaction deviation Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 26

  

  Components of variance

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Variance Page
  • Components of variance Page
  • Genotypic variance Page
  • Environmental variance Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 27

  

  Genotype environment correlation and interaction

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Introduction Page
  • Genotype – Environment correlation Page
  • Genotype – Environment interaction Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 28

  

  Resemblance between relatives

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Uses Page
  • Estimation Page
  • Intra class correlation coefficient Page
  • Degree of resemblance between offspring and parents Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 29

  

  Heritability

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Definition Page
  • Importance and features of heritability Page
  • Heritability of some important traits Page
  • Uses Page
  • Breeding value (BV) and Progeny difference (PD) Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 30

  

  Estimation of heritability

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Introduction Page
  • Methods of estimation Page
  • Regression method Page
  • Regression of offspring on one parent Page
  • Regression of offspring on mid-parent Page
  • Intra sire regression of offspring on dam Page
  • Correlation method Page
  • Half sib correlation Page
  • Full sib correlation Page
  • Choice of method Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 31

  

  Repeatability

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Definition Page
  • Estimation of repeatability Page
  • Uses of repeatability Page
  • Repeatability estimates of economic traits Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 32

  

  Genetic and phenotypic correlations

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Types of correlation Page
  • Phenotypic correlation Page
  • Genetic correlations Page
  • Uses Page
  • Methods of estimating genetic correlation Page
  • Parent-offspring analysis Page
  • Sib-analysis Page
  • Environmental correlation Page
  • Correlation between important economic traits Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 33

  

  Exercise 1: Karyotyping

  • Preparation of metaphase spreads and karyotyping Page
  • Chromosome morphology of different livestock species Page
  • Metaphase chromosome spread Page
• 
  

  Topic 34

  

  Exercise 2: Monohybrid inheritance

  • Example Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
  • Online interactive test 3 Page
  • Online interactive test 4 Page
  • Online interactive test 5 Page
• 
  

  Topic 35

  

  Exercise 3: Dihybrid inheritance

  • Example Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
  • Online interactive test 3 Page
  • Online interactive test 4 Page
  • Online interactive test 5 Page
• 
  

  Topic 36

  

  Exercise 4: Modified dihybrid cross and gene interaction

  • Modifications of dihybrid cross Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
  • Online interactive test 3 Page
  • Online interactive test 4 Page
  • Online interactive test 5 Page
  • Online interactive test 6 Page
  • Online interactive test 7 Page
  • Online interactive test 8 Page
  • Online interactive test 9 Page
  • Online interactive test 10 Page
  • Online interactive test 11 Page
  • Online interactive test 12 Page
  • Online interactive test 13 Page
  • Online interactive test 14 Page
  • Online interactive test 15 Page
• 
  

  Topic 37

  

  Exercise 5: Multiple alleles

  • Relationship between number of pairs of gene with phenotype and genotype Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
  • Online interactive test 3 Page
  • Online interactive test 4 Page
  • Online interactive test 5 Page
  • Online interactive test 6 Page
  • Online interactive test 7 Page
  • Online interactive test 8 Page
• 
  

  Topic 38

  

  Exercise 6: Lethal factors

  • Example Page
  • Other examples Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 39

  

  Exercise 7: Sex- linked inheritance

  • Example Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
  • Online interactive test 3 Page
  • Online interactive test 4 Page
  • Online interactive test 5 Page
  • Online interactive test 6 Page
  • Online interactive test 7 Page
• 
  

  Topic 40

  

  Exercise 8: Sex-influenced and sex limited inheritance

  • Example Page
  • Online interactive test 1 Page
  • Online interactive test 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 41

  

  Exercise 9: Linkage and crossing over

  • Example 1 Page
• 
  

  Topic 42

  

  Exercise 10: Computation of gene and genotype frequencies

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 43

  

  Exercise 11: Testing of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
  • Example 3 Page
• 
  

  Topic 44

  

  Exercise 12: Calculation of effects of selection, migration and mutation gene frequency

  • Formula Page
  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
  • Example 3 Page
  • Example 4 Page
  • Example 5 Page
  • Example 6 Page
• 
  

  Topic 45

  

  Exercise 13: Calculation of effective population size

  • Formula Page
  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 46

  

  Exercise 14: Calculation of population mean and average effect

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 47

  

  Exercise 15: Calculation of breeding value and dominance deviation

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 48

  

  Exercise 16: Partitioning of variance and estimation of heritability

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
  • Example 3 Page
  • Example 4 Page
  • Example 5 Page
  • Example 6 Page
• 
  

  Topic 49

  

  Exercise 17: Estimation of repeatability

  • Example 1 Page
  • Example 2 Page
• 
  

  Topic 50

  

  Exercise 18: Estimation of genetic and phenotypic correlations

  • Example 1 Page
• 
  

  Topic 51

  

  Appendix

  • Glossary
  • Question bank
  • Question bank File
  • Text and reference books Page
  • Acknowledgement Page