VPT 321: Veterinary Neuropharmacology (2+1) copy 1

Topic outline

• 
  

  General

  

  • Course overview Page
  • Syllabus File
• 
  

  Topic 1

  Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Definition Page
  • Anatomical divisions of the nervous system Page
  • Afferent fibres Page
  • Efferent fibres Page
  • Divisions of the ANS Page
  • Comparison Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 2

  Organisation of ANS

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Predominant Sympathetic or Parasympathetic Tone in various structures Page
  • Distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic neurons Page
  • Selected Effects On Different Organs Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 3

  Neurohumoral transmission

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Chronological events of scientific exploration (Neurohumoral transmission) Page
  • Neurohumoral transmission Page
  • Axonal conduction Page
  • Event in the generation of action potential File
  • Synthesis and release of neurotransmitter Page
  • Receptor events Page
  • Co - transmission Page
  • Catabolism of neurotransmitters Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 4

  Cholinergic Pharmacology - I

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cholinergic neurotransmission Page
  • Synthesis, storage and destruction of acetylcholine Page
  • Ach synthesis File
  • True and Pseudo acetylcholinesterases Page
  • Hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 5

  Cholinergic Pharmacology - II

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cholinergic receptors Page
  • Muscarinic receptors Page
  • Muscarinic receptor subtypes Page
  • Nicotinic receptors Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 6

  Cholinergic Pharmacology - III

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cholinergic drugs Page
  • Classification of cholinergic drugs Page
  • Pharmacological effects of choline esters Page
  • Directly acting cholinomimetics Page
  • Cholinomimetic alkaloids Page
  • Therapeutic uses of choline esters Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 7

  Anticholinesterase

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Anticholinesterases Page
  • Classification Page
  • Reversible anticholinesterase (RAC) 
  • Reversible anticholine esterase agents Page
  • Therapeutic uses Page
  • Irreversible anticholinesterase (IAC)
  • Mechanism of action of organophosphorus compounds Page
  • Irreversible Anticholinesterase Agents Page
  • Symptoms of OPC poisoning Page
  • Treatment of OPC poisoning Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 8

  Cholinergic antagonists

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Cholinergic antagonists Page
  • Classification Page
  • Non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonists Page
  • Natural alkaloids Page
  • Pharmacokinetics Page
  • Semisynthetic and synthetic antimuscarinic drugs Page
  • Selective Muscarinic Receptor Antagonisis Page
  • Pharmacological effects Page
  • Toxicity of atropine Page
  • Therapeutic uses Page
  • Nicotine Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 9

  Catecholamines

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Adrenergic Pharmacology Page
  • Catecholamines Page
  • Synthesis of catecholamines Page
  • Catecholamine synthesis File
  • Effects of catecholamines Page
  • Structure activity relationship Page
  • Difference between catecholamines and non catecholamines Page
  • Catecholamine - Adrenaline Page
  • Catecholamine - Noradrenaline Page
  • Catecholamine - Dopamine Page
  • Catecholamine - Isoprenaline Page
  • Pharmacological actions Page
  • Non - Catecholamines - Amphetamine Page
  • Non - Catecholamine - Ephedrine Page
  • Non - Catecholamine - Pseudoephedrine Page
  • Therapeutic uses Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 10

  Sympathetic drugs

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Adrenergic drugs Page
  • Adrenoceptors Page
  • Adrenergic receptors and adrenergic responses Page
  • Subtypes of adrenoceptors Page
  • Classification of Sympathomimetic drugs Page
  • Selective adrenergic agonists
  • Classification of adrenergic agonist File
  • α1 - adrenergic receptor agonists Page
  • α2 - adrenergic receptor agonists Page
  • β1- adrenergic receptor agonists Page
  • β2- adrenergic receptor agonists Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 11

  Symptholytic drugs

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Antiadrenergic drugs / Adrenergic antagonists Page
  • Adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • α receptor antagonists Page
  • Non - selective α-adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • Selective α- adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • β-adrenergic receptors antagonists Page
  • Non selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • Selective β- adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • α and β- adrenergic receptor antagonists Page
  • Therapeutic uses Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 12

  Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs Page
  • Drugs that affect noradrenaline synthesis Page
  • Drugs that affect noradrenaline storage Page
  • Drugs that affect noradrenaline release Page
  • Drugs that inhibit noradrenaline reuptake Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 13

  Drugs acting on Autonomic Ganglion 

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Drugs Acting On Autonomic Ganglia Page
  • Ganglionic stimulants Page
  • Pharmacological actions of ganglionic stimulants Page
  • Ganglionic blockers Page
  • Pharmacological actions of ganglionic blockers Page
  • Autonomic Pharmacology of the Eye Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 14

  Autacoid Pharmacology

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Autacoids Page
  • Histamine
  • Histamine Page
  • Synthesis, storage and destruction of histamine Page
  • Histamine receptors Page
  • Pharmacological action Page
  • Effect of histamine on BP File
  • Pathophysiological roles Page
  • Uses of histamine Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 15

  Classification of antihistamines

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Classification of antihistamines Page
  • Pharmacological actions of antihistamines Page
  • Pharmokinetics Page
  • Side effects and toxicity Page
  • Clinical uses Page
  • H2 receptor antagonist Page
  • Pharmacological actions Page
  • Clinical uses Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 16

  Serotonin

  • Learning objectives Page
  • 5 - HYDROXY TRYPTAMINE ( 5-HT, SEROTONIN ) - Enteramine Page
  • Synthesis and metabolism of serotonin Page
  • Pharmacological actions Page
  • 5-HT receptors, agonists and antagonists Page
  • Clinical uses of 5HT antagonists Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 17

  Lipid derived autacoids

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Lipid derived autacoids Page
  • Biosynthesis and degradation of eicosanoids Page
  • Pharmacological actions and Pathophysiological role Page
  • Side effects of prostaglandins Page
  • Clinical uses of prostaglandins Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 18

  Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) Page
  • Mechanism of action Page
  • Classification and pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs Page
  • Individual NSAIDs Page
  • Beneficial effects and toxicity Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 19

  Kinins and Plate Activating Factor

  • Learning objectives Page
  • kinins Page
  • Synthesis and Metabolism of kinins Page
  • Generation and degrdation of plasma kinins File
  • pharmacological actions and clinical uses Page
  • Platelet activating factor Page
  • Pharmacological actions and pathophysiological Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 20

  Angiotensin 

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Generation and degradation of angiotensin Page
  • Generation and degradation of angiotensin File
  • Angiotensin receptors Page
  • Actions of angiotensin Page
  • Homeostasis of renin- angiotensin system File
  • Pathophysiological role of angiotensin II Page
  • Inhibition of Renin - Angiotensin System Page
  • ACE inhibitors Page
  • Clinical uses Page
  • Angiotensin antagonist Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 21

  CNS pharmacology

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology Page
  • Functions of the brain regions Page
  • Terms and definitions Page
  • Chemical messengers Page
  • Neurotransmitters in the CNS Page
  • Different neurotransmitters and their role in CNS Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 22

  Anaesthetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Chronological events in development of anaesthetic agents Page
  • Principles of anaesthesiology Page
  • Preanaesthetic medication Page
  • Properties of an ideal general anaesthetic Page
  • Stages of anaesthesia Page
  • Theories of general anaesthetics Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 23

  Local anaesthetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Introduction Page
  • Chemistry of Local Anaesthetics Page
  • Mechanism of action Page
  • Pharmacokinetics and adverse effects Page
  • Types of local anaesthesia Page
  • Individual Local Anaesthetics Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 24

  Inhalant anaesthetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Inhalant anaesthetics Page
  • MAC values of inhalational agents Page
  • Individual inhalant anaesthetic agents Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 25

  Intravenous anaesthetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Uses, Advantages and Disadvantages of Intravenous Anaesthetics Page
  • Basic structure of barbiturate File
  • Barbiturates - Structure Activity Relationship Page
  • Mechanism of action of barbiturates Page
  • Pharmacokinetics of barbiturates Page
  • Individual barbiturates and Propofol Page
  • Other intravenous anaesthetics Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 26

  Dissociative anaesthetics

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Dissociative anaesthesia Page
  • Ketamine and other drugs Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 27

  Hypnotics and sedatives

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Tranqualizer, Sedative and Hypnotic Page
  • Phenothiazines Page
  • Other groups of tranquilizers Page
  • α2 agonists Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 28

  Opioids - I

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Opioids - Introduction and chemistry Page
  • Basic opioid structure of morphine File
  • Mechanism of action Page
  • Kinetics of opioids Page
  • Pharmacological effects of morphine Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 29

  Opioids - II

  • Synthetic opioids Page
  • Uses of opioids Page
  • Opioid interactions Page
  • Species differences and toxicity Page
  • Opioid antagonists Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 30

  Neuromuscular blockers - I

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Definition Page
  • Classification Page
  • Neuromuscular junction File
  • Mechanism of action Page
  • Pharmacokinetics Page
  • Pharmacological actions Page
  • Difference between competitive and non competitive neuromuscular blocker Page
  • Individual neuromuscular blockers Page
  • Uses and toxicity Page
  • Interactions Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 31

  Neuromuscular blockers - II

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Central and direct acting muscle relaxants Page
  • Clinical uses of centrally acting muscle relaxants Page
  • PODCAST File
• 
  

  Topic 32

  CNS depressants

  • Learning objectives Page
  • CNS depressants Page
  • CNS depressants mechanism of action File
  • Anticonvulsants Page
  • General mechanism of anticonvulsant drugs Page
  • Side effects of anticonvulsant drugs Page
  • Drugs for doping Page
  • Drugs for euthanesia Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 33

  Analeptics and other CNS stimulants

  • Learning objectives Page
  • CNS stimulants Page
  • Convulsants Page
  • Analeptics Page
  • Psychostimulants Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 34

  Antipsychotic drugs

  • Learning objectives Page
  • Classification Page
  • Mechanism of action Page
  • Pharmacological actions Page
  • Features Page
  • Adverse effects Page
  • Uses Page
  • PODCAST File
  • Quiz
• 
  

  Topic 35

  PRACTICALS
• 
  

  Topic 36

  Exercise-1: Equipment Required for Isolated Tissue Experiments

  • Equipment Required for Isolated Tissue Experiments Page
  • Aerator Page
  • Writing /Recording levers Page
  • Different types of lever Page
  • Sherrington Rotating Drum/Kymograph Page
  • Student’s Physiograph Page
• 
  

  Topic 37

  Exercise-2: Physiological Salt solutions

  • Physiological Salt solutions Page
  • Composition of some commonly used physiological salt solutions Page
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  Topic 38

  Exercise-3: Effect of drugs on guinea pig ileum

  • Introduction Page
  • Aim Page
  • Procedure Page
• 
  

  Topic 39

  Exercise-4: Demonstration of the Muscle Relaxant effects of drugs

  • Aim Page
  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
• 
  

  Topic 40

  Exercise-5: Demonstration of effect of local anesthetics

  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 41

  Exercise-6: Demonstration of analgesic effects of drugs mechanical stimulus (using tail clip method)

  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 42

  Exercise-7: Demonstration of analgesic effects of drugs using analgesiometer

  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 43

  Exercise-8: Demonstration of analgesic effect of drugs using thermal stimulus (using Magnetic Eddy's hot plate)

  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 44

  Exercise-9: Demonstration of effects of Anticonvulsants

  • Procedure for convulsions induced by chemicals Page
  • Procedure for convulsions induced by electroshock Page
• 
  

  Topic 45

  Exercise-10: Demonstration of Central Nervous System Depression using tranquilizers or ataratic drugs

  • Principle Page
  • Righting reflex Page
  • Motor activity Page
  • Roto rod test Page
  • Traction test Page
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  Topic 46

  Exercise-11: Demonstration of effect of inhalant anesthetics

  • Principle Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 47

  Exercise-12: Computer assisted learning in experimental pharmacology - (on heart)

  • Principle Page
  • Inferences Page
• 
  

  Topic 48

  Exercise-13: Demonstration of effect of intravenous general anesthetics

  • Principle Page
  • Stages of anaesthesia Page
  • Procedure Page
  • Inference Page
• 
  

  Topic 49

  Exercise-14: Demonstration of drugs at the neuro effector muscular junctions using frog rectus abdominis muscle

  • Effect of drugs on neuro muscular junctions Page
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  Topic 50

  Exercise-15: Computer assisted learning on experimental pharmacology - Dog

  • Experiment with frog heart File
• 
  

  Topic 51

  Exercise-16: Computer assisted learning on experimental pharmacology - Heart

  • EP-Dog File
• 
  

  Topic 52

  Exercise-17: Computer assisted learning on experimental pharmacology - Ciliary body movement and rabbit eye responses

  • Experiment with ciliary body movement and rabbit eye responses File
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  Topic 53

  Annexure

  • Glossary
  • Question bank File
  • Reference books Page
  • Acknowledgement Page