Introduction to Major Field Crops

Sugar Crops

Crops are grown for the production of sugars and starch.

1. Sugarcane : Sacharumofficinarum
2. Sugarbeet : Beta vulgaris


Commercial Crops
In these crops, more than 75 per cent of the product is for trade but not for home consumption.

1. Sugarcane : Saccharumofficinarum
2. Cotton : Gossypiumhirsututm
3. Tobacco : Nicotianatabacum
4. Jute : Carchoruscapsularis
5. Potato : Solanumtubersosum
6. Chilli : Capsicum annum
7. Betelvine : Piper betel
8. Mulberry : Morus alba


Forage Crops
Forage crops refer to vegetative matter, fresh or preserved, utilized as feed for animals. It includes fodder, hay, silage and pastures.

Fig: Classification of Forage Crops.

Annuals
i) Cereal Fodders

1. Maize :Zea mays
2. Jowar :Sorghum bicolar
3. Bajra :Pennisetumtyphoides
4. Barley :Hardiumvulgare
5. Oats : Avena sativa
6. Mustard : Brassica oleracea
7. Deenabandhu : Pennisetumpedicillatum

Legume Fodders

1. Cowpea :Vignaunguiculata/V. sinensis
2. Horse gram : Dolichosbiflorus
3. Lucerne/Alfa alfa :Medicago sativa
4. Cluster bean/Guar :Cyamopsistetragonaloba
5. Berseem :Trifoliumalexandrium
6. Rice bean : Phaseoluscalcaratus
7. Lupins :Lupinuslupins

Perennials

1. Rhodes : Chlorisgayana
2. Greenpanic :Panicum maximum cv trichoglume
3. Guinea : Panicum maximum
4. Setaria : Setariaanceps
5. Para : Brachariamutica
6. Napier : Pennisetumpurpureum
7. Signal : Brachariabrizantha
8. Sudan : Sorghum sudanensis

Pasture Grasses

1. Anjan : Cenchrusciliaris
2. Dawalu : Chrysopogonfulvis
3. Marvel : Dicantheumannulatum
4. Pavan : Sehimanervosum
5. Spear : Heteropogoncontentus
6. Dhallis : Paspalumnotatum

Forage Legumes

1. Stylo : Stylosantheshamata
2. Glysine : Glysineweightii
3. Centro : Centrosema pubescence
4. Calapo : Calapogoniummuconoides
5. Glysine : Glysineweightii
6. Green leaf : Desmodiumintortum
7. Silver leaf : Desmodiumunicatum

Forage Climbers

1. Winged bean : Psorocarpustetragonoloba
2. Velvet bean : Styzolobiumdeerengianum
3. Dolichos : Dolichos lablab

Top Feeds/Browse Plants

1. Agase : Sesbaniagrandiflora
2. Sesbania/Shevri : S. aegyptica
3. Subabul : Leucanaleucocephala
4. Mulberry : Morus alba
5. Erythrina/Harivana : Erythrinaindica