CLINICAL NUTRITION

Lesson 1: Clinical Nutrition

Icronutrient deficiency diseases

These diseases are caused by improper intake of micronutrients that the human body needs in minute amounts so that it can function properly. Although, micronutrients are needed only in small amounts, their deficiency leads to critical health problems. Micronutrients include vitamins and mineral deficiency diseases. Following below is a list of macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency disorders along with clinical signs.

Micronutrient deficiency diseases
Micronutrient deficiency	Signs
Vitamin A	Night Blindness Bitots spot Conjuctival Xerosis Corneal Xerosis Corneal Ulcer Keratomalacia Xerophthalmic fundus Skin changes like xerosis of skin and follicular hyperkeratosis
Thiamin or	Beri Beri
Vitamin B1	Loss of appetite Tingling hands and legs Numbness, aches and pain Polyneurits Either odema or emaciation of body tissues Wernicke’s Korsakoff Syndrome
Riboflavin or	Ariboflavinosis
Vitamin B2 deficiency	Glossitis (magenta tongue) Cheilosis Angular stomatitis Nasolabial dyssebacea Angular blepharitis Lingual papillae Scrotal or vulval dermatosis Eye lesions like corneal vascularisation Pharyngitis
Niacin deficiency Pellagra (The 4 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death).	Sunburn Irritability Diarrhoea Dementia Swollen tongue Mental confusion Dermatitis Insomnia Weakness Extreme cases death
Pantothenic acid ( also called pantothenate)	Acne Paresthesia Carpal tunnel syndrome Fatigue Insomnia
Pyridoxine or vitamin B6	Microcytic anemia Depression, Dermatitis, high blood pressure (hypertension), water retention Elevated levels of homocysteine Weakened immune system