Clinical Nutrition

Lesson 10:Diseases of the Mouth and Oesophages

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The esophagus conducts food from the mouth to the stomach, aided by peristalsis and gravity. The lower Esophageal Sphincter muscle (LES) controls the passage of food into the stomach and prevents its reflux back into the esophagus from the stomach.

If the LES becomes weak or relaxes inappropriately, the acid gastric contents reflux back into the esophagus and cause irritation.

The hydrochloric acid and pepsin cause tissue erosion and various symptoms

Dyspepsia: Indigestion

Dysphagia:Difficulty in swallowing

Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach

Hiatus: opening/gap

• Sub-sternal burning
• Cramping
• Pressure sensation
• Severe pain
• Dyspepsia

Sometimes a hiatas hernia may be present.