Food Toxicology 2(2+0)

Lesson 14 : Fungal Mycotoxins

Ergot alkaloids and ergotism

Ergot is a fungus, Claviceps purpurea, that grows on rye, and the consumption leads to intoxications and episodes of hallucinations, delirium, and convulsion and causes arteriolar spasms and gangrene. Ergot mold contains derivatives of the hallucinogen lysergic acid, with ergonovine (ergometrine) and ergotamine being the most important. Ergotamine causes constriction of vessels and has been used for migraines. Extensive use of ergotamine can result in gangrene. Claviceps pupurea is a common preharvest grain mold and grows in the ears of grasses and cereals. As a modern-day problem, ergotism has almost been eradicated. Current quality assurance systems prevent ergot from being a serious modern-day threat to humans and animals.