Hormones used in Animal Reproduction

HORMONES COMMONLY USED IN REPRODUCTION


Hormones

Indication and Dose

Preparations

I. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH )
  • Endogenous GnRH – Decapeptide
  • Secreted by the hypothalamus
  • Causes release of both LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
  • Buserelin, Fertirelin and Gonadorelin are the synthetic analogues of GnRH
  • Buserelin (GnRH Analouge)
  • Anestrum – 20 μg IM. Repeat after 8-22 days if required.
  • Delayed ovulation.
  • Improvement of conception rate- 5 – 10 μg IM.

Before or at the time of insemination.

  • Ø Cystic ovaries – 20 μg IM. Repeat after 8-14 days if required

Receptal (Intervet)

Contains Buserelin 4 μg/ml.

10ml/2.5ml vial.





 

II. Luteinizing hormone (LH/hCG)

  • Glycoprotein.
  • Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in both male and females.
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) having LH like activity is widely used.

Female

  • Delayed ovulation
  • Prolonged estrus
  • Anovulation - 1000-1500 IU - at the time of insemination, IV or IM.
  • Cystic ovaries - 3000-5000 IU I/M or IV.

Male

  • Deficient libido - 1500 I.U I/M twice weekly -for 4-6 weeks.

a. Chorulon (Intervet)

  • Injection: Powder for reconstitution. Chorionic gonadotropin
  • 1500 IU/vial

b. LH 1500 (Paines & Byrne)

  • Injection: Powder for reconstitution Chorionic gonadotropin
  • 1500 IU/vial.

c. Pregnyl (organon/Intervet)

  • Chorionic gonadotropin
  • 1500 IU/vial.

d. Lutormone (Burrough’s & Welcome Co.)

  • Human chorionic gondotropin
  • 1000 & 5000 IU.

e. Progynon (Schering)

  • Human chorionic gonadotropin
  • 1000 & 5000 I.U.

III. Follicle Stimulating homone (FSH)

Ø Glycoproteins

Ø Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) or Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) having predominantly FSH like activity and little LH like activity.

Ø Anestrum

1500 I.U. S/C or I/M.

Repeat after 10-14 days.

May lead to superovulation and hence breeding should not be done at the first heat.

Ø Superovulation.

a. Folligon (Intervet)

  • Injection: Powder for reconstitution. Serum gonadotropin 1000 IU/vial

b. Follitropin – V (Bioniche, Canada)

– contains FSH equivalent to 400 mg NIH / vial.

c. Trophovet (Indian Immunologicals)

Contains PMSG 1000 IU/Vial


 

IV. Prostaglandins

Ø Cause functional and morphological regression of the CL.

Ø Natural prostaglandins and synthetic analogues are available

  • Induction of ovulation
  • Synchronization of estrus
  • Termination of pregnancy
  • Induction of parturition
  • Persistent CL
  • Mummified fetus
  • Pyometra
  • Luteal cyst
  • Embryo transfer

Natural – 25 mg IM

Synthetic analouge – 0.5 mg IM

Natural (Novartis)

  • Lutalyse
  • Dinoprost tromethamine
  • 5 mg/ml, 10ml, 30ml vial.

Dinofertin injection (Alved)

5 mg/ml, 5 ml vial.

Synthetic

Estrumate

(Coopers Pitman – Moore)

Cloprostenol (as sodium salt)

250μg/ml, 2ml,10ml, 20ml vials.

Prosolvin (Intervet)

Luprostiol 7.5 mg / ml.

2ml, 10ml, 20ml vials.

Synchromate (Prima Vet care)

Cloprostenol – 263 μg/ml.

4 ml vial.

Vetmate (Vetcare)

Cloprostenol 263 μg/ml.

2 ml vial.

Pragma (Intas)

Cloprostenol 263μg/ml.

2 ml vial.

lliren (Intervet)

Tiaprast 0.196mg/ml, 10 ml vial.


 

V. PROGESTERONE

  • Steroids
  • Maintain pregnancy
  • Inhibit oestrus and ovulation
  • To improve fertility and conception rate.
  • 250 to 500 mg of depot preparation IM on the 4th day of AI.
  • To prevent threatened abortions 500 mg of depot preparation, IM Repeat 4-5 times at every 10-15 days interval until 7months.

Intravaginal device - CIDR, PRID 

Ear Implant-Syncro-Mate-B

  • Estrus induction / synchronization
  • Anestrum
  • Cystic ovaries

Eazi Breed CIDR

  • Intravaginal device
  • 1.38 gm progesterone
  • 7 – 12 days with / without PG at the time of removal.

PRID (Sanofi)

  • Intravaginal device
  • Progestrone 1.55g. +

Oestradiol benzoate 10 mg

  • Removed after 12 days followed by AI.

Syncro-Mate-B

  • 6mg of norgestomet in the ear implant with injection of 5mg of estradiol valerate and 3mg of norgestomet for IM use. (a single 2ml dose)
  • Implant removed after 9 days followed by AI.  

Crestar (INTERVET)

  • 3 mg Norgestomet and each ml of
  • SMB Lnj contains 3 mg Norgestomet and 5 mg estradiol valerate. 3 mg implant for 9 days. (2 ml SMB inj on the first day)

Hydroxy progesterone caproate

  • Duraprogen injection (Unichem)
    • 250 /mg/ml.
    • 2ml. amp. (depot)
  • Hyprogen (Vets farma)
    • 250/ mg/ml.
    • 2ml, 3ml amp.
  • Proluton Depot (German Remedies)
    • 250/ mg/ml.
    • 2ml. amp.


 


 

VI. Oxytocin

  • Peptide hormone
  • Milk letting down
  • Smooth muscle contraction
    • Uterus
    •  Myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland

Large Animals

  • Milk letdown (5 – 10 Units)
  • Retained Placenta (30 – 50 Units_
  • Primary Uterine interia (30 – 50 Units_

Small Animals – Uterine inertia 10 units(small doses repeatedly)

Pitocin (Parke – Davis)

  • 5 IU / 0.5ml/ amp

Syntocinon (Novartis)

  • 5 IU / ml., 1 ml amp


 

VII. Clomiphene Citrate

  • Non – steroidal compound
  • Remarkable structural similarity to Estradiol (E2) and
  • Anti-estrogenic by competing with estrogens
  • Binds to the E2 receptors in the hypothalamus to create a state of hypoestrogenicity, thereby causing an enhanced Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) release followed by an increased secretion of gonadotropins which induces ovulation.

Induction of ovulation

Ø Anestrus

300 mg tab/orally for 3 – 5 days (after administration of 1% Copper Sulphate Solution)

Ø Repeat Breeding

300 mg 3 – 5 days (after administration of 1% Copper Sulphate Solution)

Clofert (Sigma labs)

Tab 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg.

Clofert Vet – 300 mg

Clone (Chemech)

Tab. 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 150mg

Fertivet (Ar-Ex)

Tab. 300 mg.

Cis clompiphene citrate – 180mg

Trans clomiphene citrate 120 mg.

Fertomid (Cipla)

Tab 25mg, 50 mg

Siphene (serum Institute)

Tab 500 mg, 100 mg

 
 Non-Hormonal drugs commonly used in Reproduction

S.No.

Category

Product name

Ingredient

Manufacturer

1

Intrauterine (Bolus)

Uromet Forte Bolus

FUREA

Nitrofurazone – 60mg

Urea – 5 gm

Metronidazole – 1 gm

Neospark

Pfizer Limited

2

Intrauterine (Suspension)

C-Flox-TZ


Safex Tz

Ciprofloxacin – 125 mg


Tinidazole – 150 mg

Neovet – Intas Pharmaceutical

Geevet Remedies

3

Mineral

Mixutre (Bolus)

Minotas

Minerva

Zinc, Sulphate, Copper Sulphate, Magnesium Chloride, Cobalt Sulphate, Potassium Iodide, Sodium Selenite and Ferrous Sulphate

IntasPharmaceuticals

Geevet Remedies

4

Mineral

Mixutre (Powder)

Agrimin Forte

Minfa Gold

Vitamin A

7,00,000 IU

Virbac Animal Health


IntasPharmaceuticals

Vitamin D3

70,000 IU

Vitamin E

250 mg

Nicodinamide

1000 mg

Cobalt

150 mg

Copper

1200 mg

Iodine

325 mg

Iron

1500 mg

Magnesium

6000 mg

Manganese

1500 mg

Potassium

100 mg

Sodium

5.9 mg

Sulphur

0.72%

Zinc

9600 mg

Calcium

25.5%

Phosphorus

12.75%

5

Inj. Calcium borogluconate

Calcium Boro gluconate Injection. I.P. (Vet)

Calborol

Calcium Gluconate I.P

(Equivalent to 1.86% W/V Calcium)

Proportion of Boric acid to calcium 2.26 to 1 Chlorocresol I.P. 0.1% W/V

Water for injection I. P q.s

Vatoquinol

Novartis

6

Inj. Lignocaine

Tignocaine 2%

Xylocaine 2%

Lignocaine I.P 2% W/V

Sodium Chloride I.P 0.6% W/V

Methylparaben I.P 0.1% W/V

Water for injection I.P q.s

Tamman Titoe Pharma.

AstraZeneca
Last modified: Sunday, 3 June 2012, 10:27 AM