Micronutrient deficiency diseases
CLINICAL NUTRITION
Lesson 1: Clinical Nutrition
Micronutrient deficiency diseases
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Signs
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Biotin or Vitamin H
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- Initial hair loss and rash
- Convulsions and other neurological disorders
- Delayed growth and development
- If not treated, biotin deficiency causes changes in blood pH that can lead to coma and death
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Folic Acid or vitamin B9
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Megaloblastic Anaemia (Pernicious anaemia)
- Weakness and pallor
- Degeneration of surface mucosal tissues resulting in ulceration
- Secondary manifestations like sore tongue
- Gastrointestinal disturbances like diarrhoea and poor fat absorption
- During pregnant low intake of folic acids may result in neural tube defects
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Megaloblastic Anaemia (Pernicious anaemia)
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- Weakness
- Dyspenoea
- Palpitation
- Pale skin
- Liver and spleen may enlarge
- Spinal cord degeneration
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Vitamin C
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Scurvy
- Spongy bleeding gums
- Folicular hyperkeratosis
- Petechiae
- Ecchymoses
- Painful epiphysial enlargement
- Haematoma in muscles
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Vitamin D
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- Epiphysial enlargement
- Beading of ribs( Rachitoc rosary)
- Open fontanelles
- Craniotabes
- Muscular hypotonia
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Healed rickets
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- Bossing of skull
- Deformation of thorax
- Harrisons sulcus
- Bow legs
- Knock knees
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Osteomalacia in adults
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Local or generalised skeletal deformities with tender bones
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Vitamin K
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- Faulty absorption of vitamins and liver disorder that interfere with the synthesis of prothrombin
- Prolonged clotting time of blood
- Bleeding tendency developed
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Signs
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Iron
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- Weakness
- Pallid appearance
- Frequent headaches
- Hypochromic microcytic anaemia
- Low oxygen carrying capacity
- Fatigue
- Pale conjunctivae (inner eyelid), nail beds, gums, tongue, lips and skin
- Atrophic lingual papillae
- Koilonychia
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Iodine
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- Simple goitre ( enlargement of the thyroid gland)
- Myxoedema (progressive destruction of epithelial elements in thyroid )
- Endemic cretinism and deafness, spastic paralysis of legs
- Hypothyroidism ( coarse and dry skin, husky voice, delayed tendon, epiphyseal dysgenesis)
- Psychomotor defects(poor motor coordination)
- Impaired mental function
- Low intelligence level
- High degree of apathy
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Last modified: Wednesday, 2 November 2011, 8:33 AM