The activity of this enzyme is maximum in liver and skeletal tissue followed by heart. LDH levels rise to 2-3 times. Normal levels are reached 12-24 hours following myocardial infarction. Peak activity is seen on the third day following onset of chest pain and levels remain elevated for as long as 10 days after infarction.
Myocardial infarction also leads to an increase in the production of catecholamines, steroid hormones and glucagon and a decrease in the release in insulin.
Hyperglycemia or abnormal glucose tolerance are seen in most patients with myocardial infarction during the first ten days after an attack. Metabolic acidosis is also seen and may cause arrhythmias if it is not corrected.
A similar occlusion of the arteries supplying blood to the brain leads to a cerebrovascular accident or stroke. When an artery balloons out due to weakened walls on which the force of the blood flowing through it exerts pressure, it leads to an aneurysm.
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