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Intensity or chroma is the dimension that tells the brightness or dullness of a colour –its strength or its weakness. In other words, it is the property describing the distance of the colour from gray or neutrality. Intensity is the quality of colour that makes it possible for a certain hue – such as red – to whisper, to shout, or to speak in a gentlemanly tone. Chroma, intensity, saturation and luminance/value are inter-related terms.
Chroma: How pure a hue is in relation to gray
Saturation: The degree of purity of a hue.
Intensity: The brightness or dullness of a hue.
The colours at full intensity are very striking and form brilliant and interesting effects when they are used with discretion. The colours in the lower intensities are more subtle, and for general purposes they are enjoyed in the large areas with the colours of full intensity used for accents. A colour may be neutralized or destroyed by mixing it with its complementary colour, or gray.
Colour notation in the Prang system: In the Prang notation a colour is expressed as follows: Hue, Value, and Intensity. Hue is indicated by the name or the initials of the colour, as Red or R. Value is denoted by the name or the initials of the step to which it corresponds on the value scale, such as Low Light (LL) , or dark (D). Intensity is expressed by a fraction that shows its degree of neutralization, as ¼N, or by a fraction showing its degree of intensity, as ¾ I. Thus, a red of fullest intensity, in the value in which it is seen on the colour chart would be written R HD Full Intensity. Red that is High Dark in value and one-fourth neutralized would be written R HD ¼N, or R HD ¾ I.
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