AGB 121: Principles of Animal Genetics and Population Genetics (2+1)

CYTOGENETICS

• Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes and their abnormalities.
• Cytogenetics includes the study of normal and abnormal chromosomes, and investigation of the causes of chromosomal abnormalities.
• Chromosome abnormalities are responsible for a significant portion of genetic disease.

Two kinds of Cytogenetic Examination

• Basic Chromosomal Analysis
  • Staining methods (solid staining, G-banding etc.)
  • Based on analysis of metaphase chromosomes
• Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis
  • Identification of chromosomal abnormalities using molecular biological methods

Example

• Hybridization
  • in situ hybridization and its modifications (Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), M-FISH)
  • Gene chips, High-resolution array CGH, DNA microarray etc.
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
  • Primed in situ labeling (PRINS), PCR in situ
  • Quantitative fluorescent PCR, real time PCR
  • Methods based on amplification of probe attached to target sequence (MLPA, MAPH)