Other groups of tranquilizers

OTHER GROUPS OF TRANQUILIZERS

Butyrophenones: Eg- Haloperidol, droperidol, azaperone, fluanisone. 

  • Central blockade of DA and NE actions
  • In man may cause unusual behavioral side effects
  • Little Cardiovascular  or respiratory effects
  • Potent antiemetics
  • Reduce motor activity and resulting in  catalepsy
  • Haloperidol – human drug – antipsychotic
  • Droperidol - main use in neurolptanalgesia combination. (+Fentanyl),(or + benzodiazepines)
  • Azaperone – popular sedative in pigs – animal not to be disturbed for 20 min. after injection – may cause excitation
  • Use – premedication in pigs
  • To sedate pigs – for preventing fighting, to avoid rejection of piglets by mothers and for fostering
  • Not recommended in horses – due to excitement
  • Fluanisone - use in neurolptanalgesia combination.

Benzodiazepines : Eg- Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Midazolam

  • First in 1955 – Chlordiazepoxide depressants of CNS –acts on limbic system produces muscle relaxation  by inhibition of neurons at spinal levels
  • Action through specific Benzodiazepine receptor – GABA mediated action
  • Acts at a site different from Barbiturates on the GABA gated Cl - channel
  • Example of a receptor site for a non endogenous drug
  • Minimal cardiovascular  effect and mild respiratory depressio
  • Diazepam—popular drug.
  • As a sedative, premedication, neuroleptanalgesia
  • Muscle relaxant in dissociative anaesthesia
  • Anticonvulsant effects
  • Popular sleeping tablet in man
  • Midazolam – shorter acting – used in combination with ketamine
  • Chlordiazepoxide – less used
  • Benzodiazepines – appetite stimulant in children and animals
  • Flumazenil – Benzodiazepine antagonist –used to reverse toxicity with benzodiazepines

Thioxanthines

  • Chlorprothixene – Depressant, anticholinergic, antiemetic and antihistaminic actions
  • Used as sedative in dogs, sheep and goats, for ceasarean in pigs
Last modified: Wednesday, 16 May 2012, 4:39 AM