9.1.4.6 Sex Hormones

9.1.4.6 Sex Hormones

The male sex hormones (androgens) and the female sex hormones (estrogens) are steroids. The adrenal cortex, testis, and ovary have a common embryological origin. All the steroid hormones are ultimately made from a single precursor, cholesterol. Androgens and estrogens have significant effects on most of the other non reproductive tissues of the body.

Estrogens: They are made not only by the ovary but also, by the adrenal cortex and the testis. Estrogens are responsible for the growth of the uterus, vagina, pelvis, breasts, pubic and axilary hair. They influence the menstrual cycle and are essential for breast development and also function to stimulate implantation of the ovum.

estradiol

Testosterone

Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone. Testosterones are made not only by the testis but also in lesser amounts, by the adrenal cortex and the ovary. They stimulate the growth, maturation, and maintenance of the male reproductive system and accessory sex tissues. For example, they stimulate the growth of skeletal muscles.

Testosterone

Progesterone

Progesterone causes the development of the endometrium preparing it for the implantation of fertilised ovum for conception. It suppresses oestrus, ovulation and the production of luteinizing hormone and it suppresses the ovulation and menstruation during pregnancy. It stimulates mammary gland.

progesterone

Last modified: Monday, 14 November 2011, 6:25 AM