Water Management in Horticultural Crops (1+1)

Water resources of India

• Sources of all water is precipitation.
  
• The annual precipitation of India, including snowfall, is estimated at 1200 mm, which is equal to 4000 km3 or 400 million hectare- metres (mha-m).
  
• Surface water bodies include rivers,canals,reservoirs, tanks, ponds, lakes and brackish water.
  
• In irrigated ecosystem, reservoirs account for 2.1 M ha, tanks and ponds 2.3 M ha, wells, lakes, and direct water bodies 1.3 M ha and brackish water bodies 1.2 M ha.
• Replenishable ground water resource is mostly derived from precipitation.
  
• Out of 400 mha-m, 215 mha-m of rain water percolates in to the ground, out of which only 50 mha-m join the ground water and available for utilization.