Commercial Floriculture

Classes of present day garden roses

1) Hybrid Tea: Originally developed from crossing between hybrid perpetuals and Tea roses
• Most popular rose.
• Bearing large highly centered flowers.

  Eg: ‘La France’ (1867) – First cultivar of hybrid tea group.
2) Floribunda (Hybrid polyanthas)
• Developed in 1924 from the cross between a Hybrid Tea x Polyantha.
• They combined the beautiful forms of the Hybrid Teas with the perpetual flowering habit of the Polyanthas.
• Flowering in clusters with small size and open centre.
• Good for garden display.

  Eg: Wekplapep (2000), Jumpin Jack (1998)
3) Hybrid perpetuals
• They are the immediate forerunners of Hybrid Teas. These are considered to be the offspring’s of R. chinensis, R. gallica and R. centifolia.
• They are not perpetual flowering types, as the name suggests, but may be called “remontants” being the type which flower more than once in a season/year.

  Eg: Princesse Helence
4) Teas: Also called “Tea scented China roses” they derived their names from their distinct aroma, believed to be feet when a chest of tea leaves are opened.
• They known to have originated from R. chinensis and R. gigantean (Manipur Tea rose)
• Free flower types.

  Eg: Anna Olivies., Lady Hillingdon
5) Grandifloras: Mainly obtained from crosses between ‘Hybrid Tea’ and ‘Floribunda’ type.
• Produces large number of flowers in cluster with fine form.

  Eg: Buccaneer (1952), June Bride (1957), Montezuma (1955), Queen Elizabeth (1954), Jazor (2000).
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6) Polyanthas:
• Dwarf with small flowered polyanthas are the forerunner of Floribundas. Blooms for several months.
• Their Ancestry includes crosses of R. multiflora and R. wichuraiana (Climber) and the Bengal hybrid R. indica major(R. chinensis)

  Eg: La paquorette (1875), Baby Faurax (1924), Echo (1914)
7) China roses: (R. chinensis)
• It is responsible for nearly all the present day popular roses.
• Bears red to nearly white flowers in small clusters.
• Also called ‘Bengal rose’ or ‘Monthly roses’
• Perpetually flowering types.
• Green roses also included in this group R. chinensis viridiflora

  Eg: Comtessedu cayla (1902)
8) Miniature / Button Roses
• Popularly known as ‘Baby roses’ with small leaves & flowers.
• They are hardy and good for pot culture.
• Multiplied by cuttings as well as budding on root stocks.

  Eg: Baby gold star (1940), Baby Masquerade (1956), Cindrella (1952), peon (1936), etc.
9) Climbers and Ramblers: They bears large clusters of small, single or double flowers, mainly belong to two groups.
a) Multiflora ramblers from R. multiflora,
Eg: Blush Rambler (1903), Crimson Rambler (1890)
b) Wichuriana ramblers from R. wichuriana
Eg: American Pilla (1902)

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10) Damask roses
• These are belongs to the species R. damascene.
• Originated from cross between R. phvenicia and R. gallica.
• Bears clusters of very fragrant pale pink to red, double petalled flowers.

  Eg: Madame Hardy (1832), Celsiana Hebe’s Lip (1921)
11) Bourbon roses: (Rosa borboniana) They have originated from a natural cross between China rose and the Damask rose. It is named after the name Island i.e., Isle de Bourbon (1817). Floriferous over a long season
• Flowers are scented have large petals, double and silky
• Borne singly or in cluster.

  Eg: Rose Edouard, Bourbon Queen (1935)
12) Cabbage roses: These belong to the species R. centifolia and they are also called as ‘Provence rose’. Petal arrangement is like cabbage, hence the name. They bear large, solitary, very fragrant pink flowers.
Eg: Demeaux and chapeau de Napoleon (1827)
13) Moss Roses: They belong to cabbage rose class and arose as sports of the centifolias. Growing closely like moss, all over the seed pod and sepals.
Eg: Old pink Moss (1845)
14) French roses: Also known as ‘Gallica roses’ having developed from R. Gallica.
These are perhaps the oldest types of cultivated roses known.
Includes pink or crimson colours with good fragrance.
Having medicinal properties.
Eg: Belle de Crecy, Cardinal de Richelieu.
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15) Albas: Along with the Gallicas and the Damasks, the Albas constitute the truly old garden roses.
• Originated from cross between R. corymbifera and R. gallica.
• Very hardy and bear white or pinkish flowers with delightful fragrance.

  Eg: Celestial, Queen of Denmark.
16) Musk roses: R. moschata is the musk rose, derived its name from the musky fragrance of the flowers. They make good shrub roses as well as pillar roses.
Eg: Eva, Felicia, Moon light, etc.
17) Noisette roses: Originated from R. chinensis and R. moschata (hybrid of China rose and musk roses). Climbing in nature.
Eg: Lamarque, Marechal Niel.
18) Rugosas: (R. rugosa)
• Very hardy type, which do well on the seashore.’
• Very vigorous and resistant to cold.
• Good for hedge, because of its highly thorny nature.
• Bears large, red or white flowers. Eg: Blanc Double de Coubert.
19) Austrian briars: (R. foetida/ R. lutea)
• Considered to be the main source of yellows in the modern rose.

  Eg: Austrian copper (R. foetida bicolor),
• Persian yellow is introduced by Babar (R. foetide persiana)
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