Module 3. Extension learning and teaching process

Lesson 8

EXTENSION LEARNING PROCESS

8.1  Introduction

Dairy extension is an educational process for bringing desirable changes among the dairy stakeholders, which involves both learning, & teaching and needs some tools or methods commonly known as extension-teaching methods. It is, therefore, necessary here to understand what is meant by learning, teaching & extension methods.

8.2  Extension Learning Process

Any change of behaviour which takes place as a result of experience may be called learning.

'Learning' is the process by which an individual, through his own activity, attains a change in his behaviour (Leagans, 1961). It is an active process on the part of the learner. The essential role of an extension worker is to create effective 'learning situations'. An effective learning situation requires the following essential elements (Leagans, 1961):

Fig. 8.1 Elements of learning situation

8.2.1  Teacher (Instructor)

A successful teacher is the one who takes into account the following important considerations:

· Understands the nature of the learner and is in a position to evaluate his motives & ability.

· Reacts appropriately to the feelings, emotions and attitudes of the learners.

· Is conscious of the fact that the learner responds to the whole gamut of learning situation.

· Is professionally alert.

· Is well-composed even in the adverse conditions.

· Has the ability to maintain better human relations.

· Always makes efforts for his professional growth.

· Selects those experiences which suit to the abilities and needs of the learners.

· Should be close to masses and belong to the same groups for making dialogues easier.

8.2.2  Learners

They should have:

· Clear objectives regarding the use of the subject matter.

· Interest in the subject matter.

· Need for the subject matter.

· Ability to understand and opportunity to apply the subject matter.

· Physical and mental preparation.

8.2.3  Subject matter (contents)

The subject matter should fulfil the following conditions:

· Should be in the line with the needs and interests of the learners.

· Should  be valid, authentic, factual and applicable.

· Should be well-organized.

· Should be at a level where it could be understood by the learners.

· Should be timely & appropriate.

8.2.4  Teaching methods

Subject matter cannot effectively be transferred without the help of suitable teaching methods and aids. Proper selection and skilful handling of teaching methods and aids facilitate creation of desirable learning situation. Teaching methods & aids should be:

· Readily available.

· In working conditions.

· Suitable to the subject-matter.

· Diversified, flexible and suited to the needs of the clients.

The following points need to be kept in mind while using extension methods for appropriate involvement of different sense organs:

Fig. 8.2 People remember the things

8.2.5  Physical facilities

Light, ventilation, chair and table arrangements, outdoor facilities, gardening & good land escaping should be a satisfying and comfortable, if possible. The good teacher will make all these arrangements prior to the meetings.

The teacher should skilfully manipulate the elements of the learning situations & provide satisfactory learning experiences for the stakeholders. The main aim of the teacher is to bring about a change in the behaviour of the learners with the help of a judicious combination & use of different elements.