PEPPER :: MAJOR PEST :: MARGINAL GALL THRIPS

4. Marginal gall thrips: Liothrips karnyi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) 
Distribution and status: India
Host range: Pepper
Damage symptoms 
         Both nymphs and adults feed on leaves and cause formation of marginal folded galls on them. Presence of white or creamy white nymphs and adults inside the marginal galls is the typical symptom of attack. In severe cases of attack, whole plant becomes stunted and   affects formation of spikes. 

 Bionomics
         Eggs are laid in single within the marginal leaf folds or on the leaf surface, egg period 6-8 days. Nymphs whitish and sluggish, nymphal period 9-13 days, pupal period, 2 to 3 days adult  longevity is 7-9 days.
Management
Spray monocrotphos 36 SL 750 ml or dimethaote 30 EC 1.0 L or chlorpyriphos 1.5 L in 500-1000 L water