Insect Pests of Fruits, Plantation, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops

4. Insecticide status in pest management

• Insecticides application remains one of the effective, quick methods and most widely used pest control tactics. When properly used they provide an efficient, fast, reliable and cost-effective means of pest control. The draw backs or risks in their use include development of resistance, destruction of natural enemies, poisoning of man and animals, environmental pollution and increasing costs. Hence, it is highly needed to switch over to newer insecticide molecules to provide on efficient, fast and reliable means of pest management.
4.1. Criteria for newer insecticide molecules
The newer insecticide molecules should have the following criteria for their environmental safety with effective control.

• Safer to natural enemies
• Low mammalian toxicity
• Effective management with low dose
• Broad spectrum
• No / Low residues
• Phytotonic effect
• Suitable formulation
• Suitable method of application
4.2. Groups of new generation insecticides
The new generation insecticides are grouped into

1. Neonicotinoids / Nitroquanidines
2. Synthetic pyrethroids
3. Insect growth regulators
4. Organic insecticides
5. Organophosphates
6. Carbamates
7. Insecticide combinations
1. Neonicotinoids
The neonicotinoids includes

i) Imidacloprid – Confidor 200 SL, Caucho 600 FS, 70 WS
ii) Acetamiprid – Pride 20 SP
iii) Thiamethoxam – Actara 25 WG, Cruiser 70 WS

2. Insect growth regulators

• Diflubenzuron - Dimilin 25 WP '
• Teflubenzuron - Nomolt 15 SC
• Fluenoxuron - Cascade 10 DC
• Navaluron - Rimon 10 EC
• All these insecticides are non-systemic in their action and are coming Under Benzophenyl urea group of insecticides and when applied, these insecticides are found to be causing inhibition of chitin formation which causes abnormal endodocuticles and abortive moulting. These insecticides are effective chewing insects and defoliators.
3. Carbomates
Indoxacarb - Avaunt 14.5 SC
Thiocarb - Larvin 75 WP
Carbosulfan - Marshal 25 EC
These carbamate insecticides are contact and stomach poison in their action and are targeted against sucking and chewing insects especially in cotton
4. Synthetic pyrethroids

• Lamda cyhalothrin - Karate 5 EC, Kungfoo 2.5 EC
• Beta cyfluthrin - Bulldock 0.25 SC
• These two synthetic pyrethroids are contact and stomach poison in action and effective against sucking and chewing insects. Lamda cyhalothrin is also having phytotonic effect.
5. Organic insecticides

i. Spinosad - Tracer 45 SC, Success 2.5 SC
ii. Abamectin - Vertimec 1.9 EC
iii. Cartap hydrochloride - Caldan 50 SP

i. Spinosad

• It is extracted from actinomycetes Saccharopolyspora spmosa. The insecticide formulation contains two components as spinosyn A+D. It is a contact and stomach poison targeted against Helicoverpa armigera.
ii. Abamectin

• It is extracted from bacteria, Streptomyces avermectilis. This insecticide is having contact and translaminar action and it is used as an Acaricide in ornamentals.
iii. Cartap hydrochloride

• It is extracted from a marin annelid, Zumbriconereis heteropoda,. This insecticide is having systemic contact and stomach poison and causes paralysis of CNS. It is effective against chewing and sucking pests.
6. Organophosphates

i. Profenofos - Curacron 50 EC
ii. Triazophos - Hostathion 40 EC

i. Profenofos

• It is contact and stomach poison insecticide and also having translaminar in action. It is mainly targeted against sucking pests, bollworms and mites in different crops.
ii. Triazophos

• It is an effective acaricide and targeted against sucking and chewing insects. It is contact and stomach poison