Insect Pests of Fruits, Plantation, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops

I. Preparation of spray solution

1) Quantity of insecticide required. The requirement of quantity of commercial formulation of the insecticide can be calculated by the formula.

Volume of spray fluid x Strength of the spray solution desired (%)

= ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

Strength of commercial formulation (%)

2. Strenth of the finished spray solution: To calculate the strength of a finished spray solution when a known quantity of chemical is added to known quantity of water, the following formula may be adopted.

Quantity of the insecticide used x Strength of the insecticide (%)

= ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

Quantity of finished spray solution required

3. In case of granules

Recommended dose a.i./ha x 100

Quantity of chemical needed = ――――――――――――――――――――― x Area

% a.i.of insecticide

Points to be considered in spray fluid preparation spraying

• Use good quality water to prepare spray fluid
• Prepare spray fluid in clean drum or plastic buckets
• For mixing pesticide, use long handled stir
• Always prepare spray fluid just before use
• Spraying should be done under ideal weather conditions
• The walking speed of the operator should be uniform to ensure even coverage of spray chemicals in the targt area.
Botanicals

• Among the plant derivatives, neem oil 0.5 to 3 per cent and neem seed kernel extract 5 per cent with teepol 0.05 per cent are quite effective against major pest of fruits crops, vegetables etc. Neem oil (NO): to get a per cent solution first mix 30 ml of neem oil with 5 ml of sticking agent teepol until white emulsion is formed. Then add one litre of water and mix thoroughly for use of spray fluid. Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE): For the preparation of 5 per cent NSKE, take 50 gm of powered seed kernel and soak it the in small quantity of water, over night. Filter through muslin cloth and make up the volume to one litre. Add one ml of teepol per litre before spraying high volume sprayer. Neem leaf powder: Powder shade dried neem leaves and use as such to word off stored product pests. Neem products are applied as high volume sprays during early morning or late evening hours for better efficacy with low degradation. The following neem based pesticide formulations have been registered provisionally under the Insecticides Act, 1968 for the control of insect pests of okra, red gram, cotton, Bengal gram, brinjal, cabbage, potato, tomato, tobacco, rice, groundnut, fruit trees, etc.


Formulation	Trade name
Neem triterpene emulsion (Kernel extract containing 0.03% azadirachtin)	Margocide CK 20 EC
Neem oil emulsion containing azadirachtin 0.03%	Margocide OK 20 EC Nimbecidine
Neem oil based WSP containing azadirachtin 0.03%	Achook
Azadirachtin technical concentrate 10% w/w (0.15%)	Neemgold
Neem oil 93% EC containing 0.03% w/w azadirachtin	RD-9 Repelin 93 EC

Other plant products
Chrysanthemum

• Pyrethrum based formulations are obtained from flowers of chrysanthemum. Two formulations like Pyrethrum 0.2% D and Pyrethrum 1% EC are registered for use against the pests of vegetables.
Tobacco

• Waste tobacco extract, nicotine 40% solution and nicotine sulphate 10% WDP registered for research purpose. Notchi leaf extract 10% mahua oil 3%, pinnai oil 3% pungam oil 3% etc. are used in pest management. Vegetable edible oils are also used as seed dressing material (1:100) to avoid the egg laying by pulse beetles in black gram, peas, lab-lab, green gram.