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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, defines the term “speech or language impairment” as a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Speech and language disorders refer to problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function. These problems range from simple sound substitutions to the inability to understand or use language or use the oral-motor mechanism for functional speech and feeding
Speech or Language Impairment means a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or voice impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Speech or Language Impairment include demonstration of impairments in the areas of language, articulation, voice, or fluency.
Speech disorders-Characteristics:
Speech disorder or dysphonia is a condition where the individual has difficulty in sound production. Someone who has lost the ability to produce sound totally is considered mute. Speech disorders occur due to loss of the ability to use words in the relevant context.
- interruption in the flow or rhythm of speech such as stuttering (known as dysfluency);
- trouble forming sounds (called articulation or phonological disorders);
- difficulties with the pitch, volume, or quality of the voice;
- trouble using some speech sounds, such as saying "see" when they mean "ski."
A speech disorder is a problem with fluency, voice, and/or how a person says speech sounds.
- Fluency disorder - an interruption in the flow or rhythm of speech characterized by hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases.
- Articulation disorder - difficulties with the way sounds are formed and strung together, usually characterized by substituting one sound for another (wabbit for rabbit), omitting a sound (han for hand), and distorting a sound (ship for sip).
- Voice disorder - characterized by inappropriate pitch (too high, too low, never changing, or interrupted by breaks); quality (harsh, hoarse, breathy, or nasal); loudness, resonance, and duration.
Significant difficulties faced by children with Speech Disorders
- Speech production: Talking by making the sounds of our language by coordinating breathing and voice with movement of the jaw, lips, cheeks and tongue in different positions.
- Speech processing: Recognizing important features of the sound of someone talking.
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