Spices and Condiments

Planting

 
• The ideal time for planting vanilla is when the weather is neither too rainy nor too dry; planting in August or September can also be done under South Indian conditions. At the time of planting, the three or four basal leaves are removed from the cuttings and dipped in 1% Bordeaux mixture and kept in the shade to dry for about a week. They are planted at the rate of one per support at a spacing of 1.5 x 3.0 m. About 1,600 to 2,000 plants are accommodated in one hectare area as a pure crop.
• After planting the cuttings, frequent irrigations are given and the basins are mulched with leaves and trash. While planting, about 3- 5 cm of the cutting is projected above the ground and stakes are provided for the cuttings to climb and grow. Vanilla flourishes well in partial shade of about 50% sunlight. Low-branching trees with rough barks and small leaves are grown for support. Under Indian conditions, Glyricidia has been found to be a good standard. The growth of the live standard should be adjusted so as to make them branch at a height of 120-250 cm. The standards are planted at a spacing of 2.5- 3 x 2 m (1600-2000 trees/ha).
• The best time for planting supports is with the onset of rains after the summer break, and it should be atleast six months before the vanilla planting. In one or two weeks, extension growth appears along with roots in the axils, which cling on to the support for climbing. Frequent inspections are necessary for turning of the shoots so as to enable proper climbing. The vines may be trained on trellises, or on other live standards like Bauhinia and silver oak. In the early stages, lateral shade may be provided by bananas and windbreaks should be planted if necessary. On account of the very superficial roots, no cultivation around the vanilla vines is recommended after planting.