Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops

QUEEN REARING

Q.No. 1 Tick the correct answer
1. Rhizome rot of ginger is caused by:

a) Fungus b) Bacteria c) Virus d) Phytoplasma

2. Pythium spp. overwinter in the form of :

a) Chalamydospore b) Oospore c) Perithecia c) Sclerotia

3. Macro conidia of Fusarium spp. are:

a) Aseptate b) 1-3 septate c) 4-5 septate d) 1-3 septate, sickle to spindle shaped

4. Fusarium equiseti overwinters in the form of:

a) Oospore b) Sclerotia c) Chalamydospores d) Conidia

5. Optimum temperature for Pythium pleroticum germination is:

a) 15-20^o C b) 20-24^o C c) 25-30^o C d) 31-35^o C

6. Optimum temperature for Fusarium equiseti spore germination is:

a) 5-10^o C b) 10-15^o C c) 20-25^o C d) 30^o C

7. Rhizome rot of ginger can be reduced by steeping ginger in the mixture of:

a) Captan + Vitavax b) Mancozeb + Carbendazim c) Copper oxychloride
d) Bordeaux mixture

8. Phyllosticta leaf spot is caused by:

a) Phyllosticta lycopersici b) Phyllosticta capsici c) Phyllosticta zingiberi
d) Phyllosticta glabra

9. Phyllosticta leaf spot can be kept under check with the sprays of:

a) Copper oxychloride b) Bordeaux mixture c) Kocide d) Mancozeb + Carbendazim

10. In India, which biovar of Ralstonia solanacearum is known to cause bacterial wilt of ginger

a) Biovar-1 b) Biovar- II c) Biovar-III d) Biovar-IV

11. Rhizome rot of turmeric can be kept under check by dipping seed rhizomes in the solution of:

a) Carbendazim + Mancozeb b) SAAF c) Metalaxyl + Mancozeb d) Companion

12. Leaf blotch of turmeric is caused by:

a) Taphrina deformans b) Taphrina citri c) Taphrina zingiberi d) Taphrina maculans

13. Leaf spot of turmeric appear mostly when:

a) Humidity is low b) Humidity is high c) Less humidity and high temperature d) Less humidity and less temperature

14. Leaf spot of turmeric is caused by:

a) Colletotrichum capsici b) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides c) Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
d) Colletotrichum citri

15. Turmeric leaf spot pathogen overwinters in rhizomes as:

a) Dormant mycelium b) Dormant stromata c) Dormant Sclerotia
d) Dormant Chlamydospore

Answers

1.a 2 b 3. D 4 c 5 c 6 d 7 b 8 c 9 d 10 c 11 c 12 d 13 b 14 a 15 b.

Q.No. 2. Fill in the blanks

1. In rhizome rot of ginger two types of symptoms i.e. --------------------- and ------------------ are noticed.
2. In rhizome rot infected ginger, fibrovascular strands are----------------- affected.
3. Roots arising from the affected rhizomes are also show typical --------------- and -----------.
4. Zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum are formed in --------------------- and are------------------ shaped.
5. The optimum temperature for growth and multiplication of Fusarium equiseti is ---------o C.
6. The optimum temperature for germination of Pythium aphanidermatum is ---------o C.
7. For the management of rhizome rot of ginger steep the seed rhizomes in the mixture of ----------------- and ---------------------.
8. The pycnidiospores of Phyllosticta zingiberi are -------------------,---------------------,------------------ and ---------------------------.
9. Phyllosticta leaf spot begins to appear when temperature varies from ------------- to ---------- and RH is in between------------- to--------------%.
10. If bacterial wilt infected rhizomes are pressed, a ------------------ bacterial exudates ---------------- out in clear water.
11. The presence of --------------------- has a positive and significant effect on the development of bacterial wilt of ginger.
12. Rhizome rot of turmeric is favoured by------------------------ and soil -------------------.
13. Optimum temperature for leaf blotch of turmeric infection is --------------o C alongwith------------------% RH.
14. Leaf spot of turmeric usually appear during --------------------- and ------------------- when the humidity is ----------------------.
15. Turmeric leaf spot severity can be limited by sprays of -----------------------------.
Answers
Wet, Dry 2. Not 3. Softening, Rotting 4. Vesicle, Kidney 5. 30 6. 34 7. Mancozeb, carbendazim 8.Hyaline, unicellular, oblong, biguttulate 9. 23.4, 29.6, 83.3, 90.2. 10 Milky, oozes 11. Nematodes 12. High temperature, Moisture 13. 21-23, 80 14. August, September, High 15. Carbendazim.

Subjective type questions:

Q. 1. Describe the symptoms, predisposing factors and management practices for rhizome rot of ginger.
Q. 2. Describe in detail the symptoms and management practices for leaf blotch of turmeric.
Q. 3. Write down the symptoms and management practices of the following diseases

a) Leaf spot of turmeric
b) Phyllosticta leaf spot of ginger
c) Root knot of ginger

Q. 4. Describe in detail the symptoms, favourable environmental conditions and management practices for bacterial wilt of ginger.