Environmental Studies(ES)

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Lesson 17: Soil pollution

Additional information

Type of pesticide	Examples
Insecticide	DDT, BHC, Aldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Parathion, Malathion
Herbicide	2 – 4 D, 2 – 4 – 5 T, Monuron, Atrazine
Fungicide	Dithiocarbamates,O Phenol, CAPTAN
Rodenticide	Strychnine, Sodium fluoroacetate, Norbormide

Drainage line Treatment

PURPOSE	TREATMENT MEASURE	EFFECT
Stop further deepening of gullies and retain sediment run-off.	Plug the gullies at formation.	Stops erosion, recharges Groundwater at the upper level.
Reduce run-off velocity, pass cleaner water to the downstream side.	Crete temporary barriers in nalas.	Delayed flow and increased groundwater recharge.
Minimum sedimentation in the storage basins.	Use various methods to treat the catchments
Low construction cost.	Use local materials and skills for constructing the structures.	Structures at locally maintained.

Area Treatment

PURPOSE	TREATMENT MEASURE	EFFECT
Reduce the impact of rain drops on the soil.	Develop vegetative cover on the non arable land.	Minimum disturbance and displacement of soil particles.
Infiltration of water where it falls.	Apply water infiltration measures on the area.	In-situ soil and moisture conservation.
Minimum surface run-off.	Store surplus rain water by constructing bunds, ponds in the area.	Increased soil moisture in the area, facilitate ground water recharge.
Ridge to valley sequencing.	Treat the upper catchments first and then process towards the outlet.	Economically viable, less risk of damage and longer life of structures of the lower catchments.