Thermal pollution from industrial sources is generated mostly by power plants, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, steel mills and smelters.
Heated water from these sources may be controlled with:
cooling ponds, man-made bodies of water designed for cooling by evaporation, convection, and radiation
cooling towers, which transfer waste heat to the atmosphere through evaporation and/or heat transfer
Cogeneration, a process where waste heat is recycled for domestic and/or industrial heating purposes.
Construct a large shallow pond.
For urban runoff, storm management facilities that absorb runoff or direct it into the ground water such as bio-retention system and infiltration basins can reduce these thermal effects.
The disadvantage is that, large amounts of water are lost due to evaporation.
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