VARIETIES

VARIETIES

VARIETIES
a) Early Smooth Seeded
Meteor:
  • Plants are 35-40 cm tall, dark green, flowers borne generally singly; pods dark green, 8.7 cm long, well filled with 7 seeds, having shelling percentage of 45.
  • Pods mature in 58-60 days, suitable for early October sowing.
Alaska:
  • This is an early smooth seeded canning cultivar with bluish green seeds.
  • Plants are about 45cm tall.
  • Pods are borne singly, light green in colour 7 x 1.25cm.
b) Early Wrinkled Seeded
Arkel:
  • It is an early, wrinkled seeded and most popular exotic variety.
  • Plants are dwarf.
  • Pods are green and sickle shaped.
  • Yield potential of this variety is 100q/ha and shelling percentage is approximately 40.
Early December:
  • It a selection from the cross T.19 × Early Badger.
  • It is dwarf, producing light green pods, 7 cm long.
  • It has higher number of pods per plant than Early Badger but is somewhat late in flowering.
Matter Ageta 6:
  • It is a dwarf, dark green and early maturing Indian cultivar and is ready for first picking after 40-50 days from sowing, producing 6-7 seeds per pod.
  • It produces 50 per cent of its total yield in the first picking.
Palam Triloki:
  • Early maturing, about 10 days earlier in maturity than recommended variety ‘Arkel’ besides having higher yield potential with an average of 70-75 q/ha.
  • It has long, bright green, round, well filled pods containing 8-10 seeds with 48-50 % shellimg.
VL Ageti Matar 7:
  • It is developed at Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhanhala, Almora by crossing Pant Uphar and Arkel.
  • It is an early maturing variety with a green pod yield potential of 100-125q/ha.
  • It matures 5 days earlier than Arkel, which helps to control damage caused by powdery mildew disease and frost.
c) Wrinkled-Seeded Main Season and Late
Bonneville:
  • A medium tall, double podded cultivar, flowers in 50-60 days and first blossom appears at 13-15th node.
  • Pods are light green, straight, about 9 cm long and 6-8 seeded with shelling percentage of 45.
Lincoln:
  • It is a dwarf to medium tall, single podded cultivar, flowering in 55-60 days and first blossom appears at 11-12th node.
  • Pods are dark green, 9.5-10 cm long, 6-7 seeded with shelling percentage of 45 and it is suitable for late sowing.
  • Pods retain good colour after harvest and good for canning.
Azad P-1:
    • Plants are 80-90 cm tall having dark green foliage.
    • Pods are smooth, dark green and 8-10cm long.
    • Shelling percentage is 50-55.
    • Pods are slightly curved at the distal end.
    • This variety can tolerate powdery mildew and rust.

7.1a

P-88:
  • It is developed from a cross between Single Pusa-2 and Morrasis-55.
  • The plants are 75-85 cm tall.
  • The numbers of seeds per pod range from 7-8.
  • The matured seeds are wrinkled and bold.
  • It is highly susceptible to the powdery mildew disease.
VL-3:
  • Medium tall, pods medium long (7-7.5cm) containing 7-8 seeds/pod, green in colour.
  • Gets ready in 100-110 days, slightly curved towards suture at distal end, wrinkle seeded. Average yield 140-150q/ha
Solan Nirog (Sel. 8-1):
  • It is developed from UHF, Solan.
  • Pods are 8-10 cm long, dark green with 8-9 seeds/pod.
  • It matures in 90-95 days and resistant to powdery mildew disease.
Palam Priya (DPP-68):
  • It is developed from HPKV Palampur. Medium tall, flowers borne in double almost throughout the plant.
  • Profuse bearer, pods are attractive, light green, straight, 8-9cm long, 7-9 seeds/pod.
  • Shelling is 45-50 %, wrinkle seeded, sweet, ready in 90-100days.
  • Average yield 120-130q/ha, slow mildewing.
Punjab-89:
  • Medium maturity, bright green, very long pods (9-10 cm) with more number of seeds/pod (9-10) and high shelling percentage (45-50%).
  • More pods/plant (20-25) borne in doubles almost in every node, medium growth habit and sweet in taste (17.2o Brix TSS).
  • Average yield 135 q/ha
Palam Sumool:
    • Medium in maturity having very long (12-15cm), dark green and flattish round pods containing 8-10bold seeds.
    • High yield potential (100-120 q/ha), 45-48% shelling, sweet in taste (TSS 180o brix), and resistant to powdery mildew disease

7.2

c) Round Seeded Main Season and Late

Kanwari:
  • This is a tall-growing, double podded cultivar, flowering in 65-75 days and first blossom appears at 15-17th node.
  • Pods are about 8.5cm long, yellowish green, and 5.6 seed with a shelling percentage of about 40.
  • A muciliage excertion on the pods is a characteristic of this variety.
  • It is largely grown in hills and the plains around Ambala, as a non irrigated crop It is also suitable for growing as a grain type although the presence of black colour lowers the market value of the grain.
e) Edible Podded Type
Sylvia:
  • It is a tall growing cultivar flowering in 60 days and first blossom appears at 14-16th node.
  • Pods are borne singly, yellowish, 12 cm long and sickle shaped.
  • Pods have general appearance of a medium sized French bean pod.
  • Staking is desirable and it is suitable for late sowing.
Oregone 523:
  • A commercial freezing variety of USA with field resistance to pea enation mosaic virus, red clover vein mosaic virus and race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi.
Others varieties are
1. Early Smooth- Seeded
  • Asauji
  • Lucknow Boniya
  • Early Superb
2. Early Wrinkle-Seeded
  • Early Badger
  • Little marvel
  • Kelvedon wonder
3. Wrinkled-Seeded Main Season and Late
  • T.19
  • Delwiche commando
  • Khaper Kheda
  • N29
  • Perfection New Line
  • Thomas Laxton
  • GC-14
4. Edible-Podded Cultivar
  • Punjab Meethiphali
  • Aparna
  • Pershotsuit
  • Khar Kovskii Usatyi
  • Vica
  • Alaska 81
  • Taichung 13
  • Pervenets
  • Trounce
  • Apex
SOWING TIME
  • For Rabi crop, seeds are sown in October to middle of November in plains.
  • Pea is cultivated in hills from middle of March to end of May.
  • In North India, three sowings are done, during August, November–December and during March-April
SEED RATE
METHODS OF SOWING
  • Seeds can be sown on flat or slightly raised beds either by broadcasting or behind desi plough in furrows, which are covered by usual planting.
SPACING
  • Early Varieties - 30cm × 5-10cm
  • Main season - 60cm × 10cm
SEED INOCULATION
  • Inoculation of seed with Rhizobium culture can be used.
  • The culture material is emulsified in 10% sugar or jaggery solution sufficient to moist the seed.
  • It is to be mixed thoroughly with seed and dried in shade before sowing.
  • This seed inoculation helps in quick nodulation on the roots which in turn fix atmospheric nitrogen.
SEED TREATMENT
  • The seeds may be treated with fungicides like thiram or captan (3g/kg of seed) or carbendazim (2.5g/kg of seed) to save the crop against Fusarium wilt.
  • If both seed inoculation and fungicide treatments are to be given, then firstly the seeds are treated with fungicide followed by inoculation with Rhizobium culture.
NUTRITIENT MANAGEMENT
  • FYM @150-200q/ha is to be applied 15 days before sowing the seeds.
  • Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in the ratio of 50:75:40 kg/ha, respectively.
  • Entire quantity of phosphorus, potash and half quantity of nitrogen is to be thoroughly mixed in the soil at the time of field preparation.
  • The remaining nitrogen is to be top dressed at flowering time along with irrigation.
USE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • Foliar spray of MH at 25mg/L, before flowering has given best pod yield in pea.
  • Seed treatment with cytozyme @ 1 per cent improve the fresh pod yield in pea
IRRIGATION
  • The water requirement of pea is very low and it can be grown even without irrigation
  • In general, one pre-sowing irrigation is essential for proper germination.
  • Two or three light irrigations at 10-15 days interval especially at flowering, fruit set and at grain filling period are essential for good yield.
INTERCULTURE OPERATIONS
  • Hoeing and earthing up are to be done after 2-3 weeks of sowing and second at flowering initiation to get higher yield.
  • Hoeing helps in removing the weeds and pulverizes the soil for proper aeration.
  • Root injury should be avoided during the operation.
  • Therefore, hoeing should be followed by earthing up to strengthen the plants and to encourage the root growth.
  • The useful method of weed control practised in India is mechanical or manual.
  • Manual weeding is uneconomical and time consuming.
  • Chemical weed control has been reported to be effective as compared to hand weeding.
  • At the same time, it is cheaper and less time consuming.
  • Application of Lasso @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha or Tribunal @1.87 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence application have been recommended under wide range of agro-climatic condition.
HARVESTING AND YIELD
  • The maturity of pea is tested mechanically with a tendrometer.
  • Generally, three to four pickings are taken during the season.
  • Harvesting should be done either in the morning or late in the afternoon.
  • About 50-60q of green pods per hectare are obtained in case of early varieties
  • Shelling percentages of pea cultivars ranges from 30-56 per cent depending upon varieties.
  • The peas are harvested when the pods are fully green and well developed.
  • The seeds should be near full size and should not have begun to harden.
  • The high quality of pea is associated with tenderness and high sugar content.
  • During maturity, sugar contents decreases rapidly and there is an increase in starch and other polysaccharides and insoluble nitrogenous components such as protein.
  • Calcium migrates to seed coat and toughness of skin increases during ripening.
  • Picking should be done as soon as green ovules are fully developed and pods still not over mature.
  • Early varieties give 2-3 pickings while 3-4 pickings at 7-10 days interval are taken from main season.
  • Picking should be done either early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Picking during mid day deteriorates the quality of pea by heat.
YIELD
  • Early varieties give 60-85 q/ha where as main season varieties yields 100-150q/ha green pods per hectare.
HEAT UNITS
  • A heat unit system is used in commercial pea production to predict relative maturity dates and to schedule planting dates.
  • This system uses 4.4oC as the thresh hold temperature or base temperature & 29.4oC as the maximum temperature.
  • The daily heat units accumulating during the development of a cultivar are calculated from the daily temperature mean.
  • Heat units accumulate slowly during the cool spring & rapidly as the season progresses.
  • With this information, the expected time of maturity of a cultivar can be determined from the mean temperature of the few seasons.
  • For early cultivar 1534 heat units whereas for late cultivars 3942 heat units are required.
  • The edible types are picked when pods have reached full length and seeds are just developing.
POST HARVEST HANDLING
  • Green peas loose much of their sugar content unless they are promptly cooled to 0oC.
  • Hydro cooling is the preferred method for pre cooling.
  • At 0oC & 95-98% RH, green peas can be stored for 1-2 weeks.
  • If the crop is packed with crushed ice, storage may be extended for 1 additional week.
  • It can be stored better for 2 weeks in cold storage at 0oC & 85-95 % RH. Temperature at 21.5oC becomes unfit for sale at the end of 5 days.
STORAGE
  • Peas can also be stored in crushed ice for about 2 weeks.
  • The pods will freeze at 100C and 90-95 per cent relative humidity.
  • Fresh unshelled peas may be kept for two weeks at 0oC.
Last modified: Thursday, 21 June 2012, 10:20 AM