Farm Power

LESSON 23. Types of Governor

In hit and miss system, the frequency of cycles for fuel supply is controlled in the fuel system. Whereas, in throttle system, the frequency remains the same but the quantity of fuel is being controlled as per the engine requirements. Throttle system is the most commonly governing system being used in modern engines these days. The extent of throttle opening controls the fuel supply and hence the engine speed.

Although, the governor is used to maintain the constant engine speed, but still some variation in engine speed can be observed at no load and maximum load. This variation can be expressed in terms of Governor Regulation (%).

Governor Regulation =            (S₀ + S₁) / 2(S₀ – S₁)  * 100

           Where, S0 = No Load speed

                       S1 = Maximum Load spped

The governors may be further classified as:

                                    i. Centrifugal/Mechanical governor

                                  ii. Pneumatic governor

                                iii. Hydraulic governor

23.2 Mechanical governor

The centrifugal/mechanical governor is most commonly used governor in tractors. Two spring-loaded centrifugal weights are mounted on the governor shaft having sliding collar which further actuates the throttle and the fuel supply. As the engine speed increases, the weights fly apart with the centrifugal force against the spring tension to actuate fuel injection pump to reduce the amount of fuel delivered and hence decreases the engine speed. Similarly, the fuel supply is increased by the governor when the engine speed tends to decrease.

23.3 Pneumatic governor

A pneumatic governor consists of venturi unit and diaphragm unit which are connected by a vacuum pump. The venturi unit leads to the engine inlet manifold and the diaphragm unit is connected with the fuel injection pump. The position of the butterfly valve in the venturi unit is controlled by the accelerator pedal to control the amount of vacuum from the inlet manifold, to actuate the fuel pump through diaphragm unit and hence the amount of fuel injected.

23.4 Hydraulic governor

A hydraulic governor works on the principle of pressure change and receives the oil from the engine lubricating system which further act as controlling force to control the fuel supply and hence the engine speed.  The loss of oil pressure cuts the supply of oil to the governor and cause the governor to shut down the engine.