Applied Animal Nutrition-I

Dry matter, energy, protein and water requirements for different functions

DRY MATTER ,ENERGY,PROTEIN AND WATER REQUIREMENT FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

• The total quantity of dry matter the animal can consume per day should be known, so that we can compute the ration in a manner that the entire quantity of the nutrients required is present in the dry matter, the animal is able to consume.
• Cattle will generally consume 2.0 to 2.5 kg. of dry matter per 100 kg. body weight.
• Buffaloes, crossbred animals and heavy yielders consume 2.5 to 3.0 kg dry matter per 100 kg body weight.
• In mid lactation (10-29 weeks) DM intake has to be increased by 1.7 kg/day.
• In late lactation (30 weeks onwards) DM intake has to be increased by 4.1 kg / day.
• In early lactation, the probable DMI may be up to 18 % less than mid lactation.

DM Requirments of cattle and buffaloes

Function	Cattle	Buffaloes
Maintenance	64.35 g / kg mbwt	62 g/ kgmbw
Growth	5.0 G/ GRAM GAIN	5.0 g/ g gain
Lactation	450 G/ KG 4 % FCM	524 G / KG 6 % FCM
Pregnancy	1.5-2.0% b.wt + (1) 20 % of maintenance extra during – 1st pregnancy (2) 10 % of maintenance extra during – 2nd pregnancy	1.5-2.0% b.wt + 20 % of maintenance extra during – 1st pregnancy 10 % of maintenance extra during – 2nd pregnancy
Breeding bulls	1.5-2.0% bwt	1.5-2.0% bwt
Working animals	2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% for light, medium and heavy works	2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% for light, medium and heavy works
Calves (1-3 months)	35-45 g/ metabolic weight	35-45 g/ metabolic weight
Calves (3-6months)	65-80 g/ metabolic weight	65-80 g/ metabolic weight

Energy requirements

Function	Cattle	Buffaloes
Maintenance	37 g TDN / KG MBT	35-40 g TDN / KG MBT
Growth	2.70 G TDN / G GROWTH	2.0 G TDN / G GROWTH
Lactation
Maintenance	37 g TDN / KG MBT	35 g TDN / KG MBT
4 or 6 % FCM	TDN=325 G/ KG 4 % FCM	TDN=406.32 G/ KG 6 % FCM
Pregnancy	20 % of maintenance extra during – 1st pregnancy 10 % of maintenance extra during – 2nd pregnancy + 1.0 kg TDN during last trimester of pregnancy	20 % of maintenance extra during – 1st pregnancy 10 % of maintenance extra during – 2nd Pregnancy + 1.0 kg TDN during last trimester of pregnancy
GROWTH	2.70 g TDN / g GROWTH	2.0 g TDN / g GROWTH
Breeding bulls	41.0 g TDN/kg MW	41.0 g TDN/kg MW
Working	2.4 Mcal ME/kg B.wt/	2.4 Mcal ME/kg B.wt/hr

Potein requirments

• The protein in practical diet supply some dietary protein that escapes rumen fermentation and this protein plus the microbial protein produced from supplemental NPN may be enough to produce 20 kg 4 % FCM / day
• Similarly, the protein in practical diets that meet the CP or DCP requirements plus energy may be enough to supply enough amino acids for 700 g growth / day
• 6% FCM (kg) = 0.308 M (kg) + 11.54 F (kg)
• 4% FCM (kg) = 0.4 M (kg) + 15 F (kg)

Function	Cattle	Buffaloes
Growth
Maintenance	2.75 g DCP or 5.5 g CP / kg MW	2.75 g DCP/ kg MW or 5.5 g CP / kg MW
growth	0.41 g DCP or 0.75 g CP per g gain	0.23 g DCP or 0.33 g CP per g gain
lactation
Maintenance	2.75 g DCP/ kg MW OR 5.5 g CP / kg MW	3.1 g DCP/ kg MW OR 5.5 g CP / kg MW
growth	0.41 g DCP or 0.75 g CP per g gain	0.23 g DCP or 0.33 CP per g gain
Milk (6% FCM)	57.0 g DCP or 90 g CP per kg 4 % FCM	55.0 g DCP or 90 g CP per kg 6 % FCM
Breeding		7.5 g CP/ kg MBWT
Working		2.4 Mcal ME/kg B.wt/hr

Water

• Lactating dairy cows in the tropics require 60 to 70 L of water per day for maintenance, plus an extra 4 to 5 L for each litre of milk produced.
• Water requirements rise with air temperature. An increase of 4°C will increase water requirements by 6 to 7 L/d.
• High yielding milking cows can drink 150 to 200 L water/d during the hot season.