Applied Animal Nutrition-I

NUTRIENTS REQUIREMENT FOR MAINTENANCE

• TDN requirement = 34 g TDN/Kg W ^0.75
• DCP requirement = 2.84 g DCP/Kg W ^0.75

Calcium and Phosphorus requirement

• Animals weighing 250 to 400 kg of body weight the requirement of Calcium is 25 g; and the Phosphorus requirement is 17 g per day .
• Above 400 kg of body weight the requirement of Calcium is 31 g ; and phosphorus requirement is 23 g per day .

Energy and Protein requirements for maintenance

• Data on maintenance requirement of energy were obtained by using short term trials in which the dry, non-producing animals of same sex and body weight were fasted, kept in thermo-neutral environment and their heat production was determined (fasting metabolism). The fasting metabolism gives an estimate about the minimum quantity of net energy that must be supplied to the animals to keep energy equilibrium. This has been estimated both by direct and indirect calorimetry. Most of the work on energy requirement in India was conducted using indirect calorimetry.
• Lot of work has been conducted on energy requirement for maintenance of dry animal where the energy requirement is reported to be 61 to 104 k cal / kg W
• Data on protein requirements were generated by using factorial method, where endogenous urinary nitrogen (EUN) and metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) are estimated to assess protein requirements (Kehar, 1944). The EUN excretion in Indian cattle was reported to be 0.02g/kg b.wt. The EUN excretion is proportional to body size (W)
• Lot of work has been conducted to determine the protein requirement for maintenance. Most of the workers have followed factorial methods but lately 35 regression models suggested by Moe et al. (1970-71) have been used to calculate protein requirements. These reports indicate that the DCP requirement for maintenance ranges from 1.97 to 4.21 g/kg metabolic body size. The requirement of 2.48 g/kg W

Daily nutrient requirement for maintenance of mature cows/buffaloes.

Body Weight (kg)	Dry feed (kg)	DCP (g)	ME Mcal	TDN kg	Ca g	P g	Carotene mg	Vitamin A 1000 IU
200	3.5	150	6.0	1.7	8	7	21	9
250	4.0	170	7.2	2.0	10	9	26	11
300	4.5	200	8.4	2.4	12	10	32	13
350	5.0	230	9.4	2.7	14	11	37	15
400	5.5	250	10.8	3.0	17	13	42	17
450	6.0	280	12.4	3.4	18	14	48	19
500	6.5	300	13.2	3.7	20	15	53	21
550	7.0	330	14.4	4.0	21	16	58	23
600	7.5	350	15.5	4.2	22	17	64	26

(Source: Nutrient requirements of Livestock and Poultry by S.K.Ranjhan)

_0.75and maintenance requirement during lactation to be 113 to 160 k cal / kg W^_0.75. On going through the data, the requirement proposed by Sen et al. (1978) and Ranjhan (1980) have been taken to calculate the energy requirement for maintenance i.e. 122 k cal of ME/ kg W_0.75 for both cattle and buffaloes. _0.75). The MFN values determined in Indian cattle were 0.35g/100 g DMI and in buffaloes were 0.34g/100 g DMI. 0.75 as proposed by Sen et al. (1978) and Ranjhan (1980, 1991) has been used for calculating the DCP requirement for maintenance.