Applied Animal Nutrition-I

Commonly used ingredients their adulterants and contaminats

COMMONLY USED INGREDIENTS THEIR ADULTERANTS AND CONTAMINANTS

Feed Ingredient	Checks to be made for	Common adulterants	Mycotoxin / ANFs Occurrence
Maize	Freshness, Colour, Size, Moisture, Heat, Mouldy odor, Weevils, Pesticide - Thiram Bulk density 0.725 to 0.775 kg/litre	Cobs and Cob dust, Sand	Aflatoxin, Citrinin Cyclopiazonic Acid Ochratoxin
Bajra	Freshness, Colour, Size, Moisture, Heat, Weeds, Sand and Silica, Pesticide - Thiram Bulk density 0.72 to 0.76 kg/litre	Certified seed contamination, Sand	T2.toxin, Zeralenone NSPs
Sorghum	Freshness, Colour, Size, Moisture, Heat, Sand Pesticide – Thiram , Bulk density 0.70 to O.77kg/litre	Certified seed Contamination, Sand	T2.toxin, Zeralenone Sterigmatocystin Tannins, NSPs
Ragi	Freshness, Colour, Size, Sand Bulk density 0.70 to 0.75 kg/litre	Sand	NSPs, Mycotoxins
Rice	Freshness, Colour, Mouldy odour, Sand, husk, Rancid odour Bulk density 0.70 to 0.775 kg/litre	Sand, Bran, husk	Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin
Wheat	Freshness, Mouldy odour, Sand, husk, weed seeds Bulk density 0.70 to 0.77 kg/litre	Weed seeds, husk, Sand	Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin, NSPs
Soybean	Freshness, Moisture, Clumps, Odour, Colour, Mould Growth, Bulk density 0.52 to 0.57 kg/litre	Sand & Silica Hulls (Fiber)	Aflatoxins, Trypsin Inhibitors Emerging toxins, NSPs
Groundnut Cake	Freshness, Moisture, Colour, Heat, Odour, Clumps, Mould growth Bulk density 0.65 to 0.70 kg/litre	Hulls (Fibre) Sand, Other Cheaper oil seeds	Potential feed for Aflatoxins, infestation, Ochratoxin
Sunflower Meal	Freshness, Moisture, Heat, Odour, Rancidity, Clumps, Mould growth Bulk density 0.50 to 0.53 kg/litre	Hulls (fibre) Sand	Ochratoxin, Aflatoxin Bl, T2 toxin, NSPs
Rapeseed Meal	Moisture, Heat, Clumps, Mould growth Bulk density 0.65 to 0.675 kg/litre	Hulls (fibre) Sand	Aflatoxin Bl, Glucosinolates
Dry Fish/ Fish Meal	Moisture, Oil, Sand, Other marine products Bulk density 0.725 to 0.775 kg/litre	Sand, Urea Salt, Other Marine products	Gizerosine
Rice Bran - Deoiled	Moisture, Heat, Smell, Roughness, Clumps Bulk density 0.35 to 0.40 kg/litre	Sand Husk, Fibre, Saw dust	Aflatoxin
Rice Polish	Moisture, Rancidity, Coarseness, Oiliness, Odour Bulk density 0.4 to 0.42 kg/litre	Rice bran Husk, Saw dust, Sand	Aflatoxin
Calcite	Moisture, Colour, Coarseness	Sand, Magnesium
DCP (Dicalcium Phosphate)	Moisture, Colour, Odour	Sand, Fluorine
Mineral Mixture	Moisture, Colour, Odour	Sand, Magnesium
Meat and Bone Meal	Moisture, Odour, Colour	Sand, Leather meal	Biogenic amines Microbial contamination
Shell Grit	Colour, Uniformity	Sand