Veterinary Gross Anatomy-II

Coeliac artery

COELIAC AXIS/COELIAC ARTERY

• Visceral unpaired. This artery arises from the ventral face of the abdominal aorta as it enters the abdominal cavity.
• The coeliac ganglia are on the lateral face of the artery and the coeliac plexus enclose the artery along its course.
• It is about 7 to 9 cm long runs downwards on the left face of the rumen turns forward to the right, related to the rumen or pancreas on the left and the right crus of the diaphragm and posterior vena cava on the right and is continued as omaso-abomasal artery.

 Collateral branches

• The hepatic artery arises from the coeliac artery as it crosses the posterior vena cava. ( View the Blood supply to the liver )
• It passes to the right and somewhat downwards and forwards above the portal vein to the portal fissure and gives off the following branches:
  • Pancreatic branches to the pancreas.
  • Dorsal and ventral hepatic branches to the corresponding lobes of the liver. Of which, the latter is larger and gives off the right gastric artery which runs in the lesser omentum and supplies initial part of duodenum, pylorus and anastomoses with the branches of the dorsal branch of the omaso-abomasal artery (left gastric artery).
  • Cystic branch to gall bladder.
  • The gastroduodenal artery divides into pancreatico-duodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries.
  • The former supplies the pancreas and second part of duodenum and anastomoses with the first intestinal branch of the anterior mesenteric artery.
  • The latter supplies the pylorus and anastomoses with the left gastroepiploic artery (continuation of ventral branch of omaso abomasal artery).

• The right ruminal artery arises usually by a common trunk with the splenic artery. It forms a sharp curve and runs downward and backward in the right longitudinal groove of rumen giving off numerous branches to it, reaches the posterior transverse groove passes in it reaches the left face of the rumen and anastomoses with the left ruminal artery. It supplies the right face and the posterior one third of the left face of the rumen.
• The left ruminal artery arises from the coeliac artery. It descends at first on the anterior part of the right face of the rumen, enters the anterior transverce groove, passes to the left face of the ruman runs backward in the left longitudinal groove and anastomoses with the branches of the right ruminal artery it supplies the anterior two thirds of the left face of the rumen. Soon after origin, it gives off a reticular artery which supplies to the reticulum.
• The splenic artery arising in common with the right ruminal artery passes forward crosses the dorsal curvature of the rumen reaches the hilus of the spleen and is distributed in it.
• The omaso-abomasal artery is the continuation of the coeliac artery. It is 10 to 13 cm. long passes downwards and forwards to the greater curvature of the omasum and divides into dorsal and ventral branches. The dorsal branch (left gastric artery) passes backwards over the greater curvature of the omasum then along the lesser curvature of the abomasum supplying branches to these compartments and beyond the pylorus it anastomoses with the right gastric artery. The ventral branch (left gastro epiploic artery) passes downwards and forwards on the lesser curvature of the abomasum giving branches to these compartments and anastomoses with the right gastro epiploic artery.