Abattoir Practices and Animal Products Technology

WOOL

• Fleece obtained from sheep is called Greece wool or raw wool.
• It is the animal fibre which grows from follicles in the skin and has a grossy coating though it is mad or less cylindrical but has imbricated surface due to overlapping and interlocking  of cuticle similar so that found on the leg of the Fowl.
• The secreted fibres tend to interlock and along together imparting feling qualities toward.
• So wood fibre has the tendency to cori and hence can be readily mere into yarn.

Virtues of wool/ Qualities of wool

• Wool is porous and will absorb moisture more readily than any other textile fibre.
• It can absorb as much as 18% of its own weight in moisture without even feeling damp and upto 50% of its weight without becoming saturated.
• This is an important health factor is clothing because body preparation and other outer dampness are prevented from clinging to the body in heat or cold.
• Thus removing the chill size from the body
• Wool generates heat.
• It is a superior insulator keening the heat of the body from escaping and the cold air from entering of this quality , wool is an affective as a protection from tropical heat and sun as it against gale driven storms
• Wood is light.
• It is very elastic , the average fibre will stretch 30% of its normal length and still spring back in shape . Because of the resistence, woolen garments resist wrinkling, streteching or sagging during wear.
• Dye stuffs are less likely to fade.
• Wool transmits the health giving oil says.
• It is durable
• It is almost non-flammable. It will stop burning almost as soon as it is taken away from flame . Wool can be felted and melted easily

Wool yield 

• Indian sheep- 0.8 to 0.9 kg/year
• Merion - 4 to 5 kg /year

Chemical composition of wool

• Wool chiefly contains keralin keratin is the mixture of nitrogen and sulphur compounds and amino acids.

Diameter of wool

• Indian sheep- 0.008 to 0.002 Inches
• Meriao wool- 0.00064 inches

Parameters of judging wool quality

• Diameter /thickness
• Staple length- Total length of a fibre in its natural condition, it is obtained by measuring the natural staple without stretching the crimps out of the fibre. Fibre length-Total length of the fibre after removing the crimps by straightening wool staple. Crimpness- wavyness of wool fibre
• Elasticity
• Kemp-dead fibre-reject grade of wool fibre
• Lustria
• Conductivity
• Dyeing properties
• Strength of wool
• Systems of Grading wool:
• American system or Blood system
• ritish system or numerical system or spinning count system. It consists of finest count of to which it can be spun. This is used in most countries. It is based on number of yarn that can be made from one pound of scoured wool or combed wool. It is based on number of yarn that can be made from one pound of scoured wool or combed wool. It fineness of fibres is more , the length of yarn is greater.