Principles and Techniques of Veterinary and AH Extension

TELEVISION

Television is an audio-visual aid used for mass communication, designed to help in the presentation of materials and transfer of information to make them easily and clearly understandable, appreciable and applicable. This medium is more personal than radio. The viewer meets the speaker in a simulated ‘face to face’ situation even though the speaker does not share this relationship. Two types of television media are available for teaching purpose

1. Broadcast television; In this programmes are aired over a large geographical area
2. Closed circuit television: This usage takes a video signal from tape or cassette and carries it over a cable through one or more monitors

Aims

• To facilitate teaching and training
• To communicate ideas and information to a large number of persons in a shorter time
• To effectively use the time and scope for easy assimilation and application of subject matter presented to the learner by making it pleasant and enjoyable.

Principle

• TV cameras pick up the picture and microphones pick up sound. They are fed to the control room on separate cables. After controlling, switching and processing, these signals are fed from the master control room to the transmitter or video and audio cables or on microwave link.

Procedure

• All the aspects in the preparation of a radio script have to be looked into while preparing a script for TV. The TV programmes are to be developed both for ears and eyes.
• All the programmes should have an attractive, natural, relevant, realistic and pleasing background so that they will be appealing, convincing, understandable and practicably useful to the audience.

Limitations

1. Television sets are expensive to buy
2. Cannot be used where there is no electricity facility
3. Extension programmes have intense competition with entertainment programme
4. It requires careful script preparation and skilful presentation for which rehearsals have to be made. This is a time consuming process.
5. There is no immediate feedback from the viewers.

Video script writing

• A video script ordinarily consists of 5 columns as follows

Shot No.	Type of shot	Video	Audio	Duration
1	2	3	4	5

• Shot no. and type of shots pertains to the images, and video to the actual effect or image to be video graphed, audio pertains to the corresponding narration or commentary to be accompanied. Duration meant that total time allotted to the particular shot.

Procedure

1. Fact findings: Any appropriate topic is decided upon and all information related is collected.
2. Treatment : Depending on the type of viewers the message is treated. The message shall be presented as follows:
   1. Straight narrative with a demonstrative approach
   2. With a voice over commentary
   3. Studio talk along with visual
   4. dramatized
3. Sequencing: An outline is drawn up and sequencing of events is carried out in such a way that the message is presented step by step.
4. Special effect: Give special effect viz., Fad-in, Fade-out, Dissolves, Wipes, Corner insert, Split screen, Super screen, Super imposition, etc
5. Story board: A story board is prepared soon after writing the script. In this, shot-by-shot is indicated by relevant drawing. This will help the crew members to arrange the scene

Points to remember

1. ‘Don’t beat around the bush’. The narrative portion should be to the point and most relevant and brief
2. Don’s simply read the script-presentation, it should be lively
3. While recording, don’t look back or unnecessarily look here and there (Studio floor, wall, camera man etc)
4. Converse as naturally as possible with the co-participants or gaze at the camera and speak to the viewers
5. Dress in dark colours.