Milk and Milk Products Technology

Dairy plant requirements and its management

DAIRY PLANT REQUIREMENTS AND MANAGEMENT - LOCATION

Dairy plant requirements

• The location of the plant should be in a non water logging , well protected / bound area with good access for transportation.
• Should have abundant water (potable) source, waste disposal facility and supply of electricity

Infrastructure requirements

• Civil works with proportionate space and machinery for reception of milk, chilling, storage, separation, pasteurization, homogenization, packaging and product manufacture. Provisions for quality control, storage, utility units like steam generation and refrigeration control.
• Selection of metals for dairy plant equipments

It should be non toxic non tainting, resistant to corrosion easy for cleaning low cost and durable. normally 18:8 stainless steel or aluminum alloys are preferred

Layout and Buildings

The civil works includes factory building, quarters, office, garages, security post etc. The factory building for the milk reception, quality control, processing, packing and storage of milk products should be as per the BIS. The total covered area depends on the processes involved, products manufactured, the quantity of milk handled and the equipment chosen for services and product manufacturing. About 4000 sq.ft. area of building is required for handling 10000 liters of milk

The milk processing plant shall have the following essential facilities.

• Milk Reception Dock consisting of can conveyor, can washer, weighting balance, dump tank etc.
• Processing Hall - cream separator, chiller, homogenizer, pasteurizer and other related machinery are installed.
• Storage area- for milk storage tanks.
• Products manufacturing area-depends upon the type of products and the quantity of milk handled, the required equipment needs to be installed.
• Packing area-for packing of liquid milk and other products.
• Cold storage-for keeping the milk and milk products before sending to market.
• Quality Control Laboratory-for testing the quality of milk and milk products.
• Utilities area-for installing boiler, generator set, water treatment plant, maintenance and store area for spares.
• Waste water treatment plant area-for treating the dairy effluents before releasing to the fields.
• Quarters and office area-for all the essential staff.
• Vehicle parking area-both for the milk procurement and distribution vehicles.
• Input supply area- for providing veterinary service, supply of feed, fodder seeds, etc.

Plant management

• Management is the optimal utilization of scarce resources to achieve the organizational objectives like prompt supply of quality milk, providing employment opportunities, protecting the growth and sustainability of dairy industry. It should aim at perfect human resource utilization, minimum energy consumption (water, electricity) and maximum utilization of equipments with assured quality production satisfying the consumer preferences.

Good manufacturing practice (GMP)

Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is that part of quality assurance which ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled to the quality standards appropriate to their intended use and as required by the marketing authorization.

• GMP is aimed primarily at diminishing the risks inherent in any production, which may broadly be categorized in two groups: cross contamination/mix-ups and false labeling. Above all, manufacturers must not place clients at risk due to inadequate safety, quality or efficacy; for this reason, risk assessment (HACCP/ ISO certification) has come to play an important role in WHO quality assurance guidelines