Campylobacteriosis

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

Definition

  • The disease is caused by several species of pathogenic bacteria which were previously classified in the genus vibrio. They cause infections of the genital tract resulting in abortions and infection of gastrointestinal tract

Etiology

  • Camphylobacter sub sp. venerealis
  • Camphylobacter sub sp. foetalis
  • Camphylobacter sub sp. jejuni
  • Camphylobacter sub sp. mucosalis
  • Camphylobacter are slender, spirally curved, motile Gram – negative rods

Campylobacter foetus sub sp. venerealis

  • Causes specific venereal disease in cattle
  • Spreads through coitus or through artificial insemination
  • Bull do not show any disease
  • Cows suffer from infertility and prolonged oestrus cycle
  • Endometritis, abortion at 4-7 months of gestation are important clinical sings

Pathogenesis

  • Bacteria → entry through coitus or artificial insemination→ Invade the chorionic epithelium → cause cell death or cell proliferation
  • IgA is an immunoglobulin in cervico – vaginal mucus
  • Kills the organism
  • IgG in mucosa of uterus also helps
  • C. foetus sub sp venerealis shows cyclical antigenic variation
  • Destruction of bacteria by immune response leaves a residual population of bacteria with different epitopes
  • Multiplies and is eliminated by secondary immune response
  • Leaving a third residual population of bacteria of different antigenic type
  • The process is repeated leaving a persistent infection

Lesions

  • Sub acute, diffuse, mucopurulent endometritis

Diagnosis

  • Campylobacter detected in tissue sections of placenta
  • Identified by electron microscopy or immunostaining

Campylobacter foetus sub sp. - Foetus

  • Infects sheep
  • Infection through oral route
  • Birds spread the infection

Pathogenesis

  • Organism localises in the pregnant uterus → bacteremia → late abortion, still birth, birth of weak lambs

Lesions

  • Haematomas in placenta, seperation of foetal membrane, cotyledons of placenta are oedematous, oedema and maceration of foetus, multiple necrotic foci in liver of foetus

Camylobacter jejuni

  • · Normal inhabitant of intestinal tract
  • · Causes diarrheoa in animals; abortions in sheep and goats
  • · Mastitis in cattle

Campylobacter sputorum sub sp. mucosalis

  • Causes swine proliferative ileitis syndrome or porcine intestinal adenomatosis(PIA)

Last modified: Wednesday, 21 March 2012, 11:07 AM