Livestock Economics, Marketing and Business Management

EXPENSES

• In the expenses column the following items are included.

Opening Expenses

• Labour charges
• Repairs
• Rents and Leases
• Seed and Fertilizer
• Chemicals
• Livestock expense(Breeding Vet., etc)
• Gas Fuels, Oil
• Insurance
• Utilities( Electricity, Gas, Telephone)
• Marketing and transport expense
• Interest on working capital

Live stock and Feed Purchase

Capital Expenditure/Fixed expenses

• Machinery and Equipment
• Building and Improvement
• Depreciation
• Interest on fixed Capital
• Rental value of owned land

Other expenses

• By subtracting the expenses from receipts the Net income for a year can be calculated.
  • Opening ratio = Total Operating expenses / Gross income
  • Fixed ratio = Total Fixed expenses / Gross income
  • Gross ratio = Total expenses / Gross income