Inland Fisheries

9.2.1.5 Strategies to be followed while introducing exotic fish species

• As far as possible, introduction of fishes should be avoided and attempt should be made to enhance the production of native species by biomanipulation or biotechnological means. More native species that can be cultured on profitable basis should be identified in priority and evaluated.
• If the introduction is essential, highest precautions should be taken before introduction and should not be allowed in the natural water before proper study of long term impact on the ecosystem. Ecological interactions, genetic concerns, socio-economic impacts and possible pathogen infestation should be studied thoroughly prior to permitting such introductions.
• A nodal agency or panel should be made responsible to study the impacts and risks or benefits of the proposed introduction.
• The import and cultivation of broods or seeds of certain species which have proved as harmful to the native fauna and ecosystem as a whole should not be permitted at all.
• Stringent quarantine measures should be followed for the imported live specimen consignments in ornamental fish trade. It should be ensured that they don’t escape into natural waters, even accidentally, either from the aquariums of hobbyists or during transit.
• Ornamental fish traders and customers may be persuaded by creating awareness through training and education to use native varieties
• Banned or unofficial / illegal introduction or trade of fishes should be penalised by law. A comprehensive legislation needs to be introduced.

The global experience and the present status of introduction of exotic species in different countries including India, their ecological, biological and genetic impact analysis clearly show the negative impact in respect of some species. In addition to direct effect on eco-biological impacts, it has also been seen that some fish are even extinct owing to loss of genetic variability and heterozygosity, due to hybridization between exotic and native species, etc. It is therefore necessary to consider any introductions after through studies at appropriate Institutes and clearance by NBFGR and the Committee for introduction of exotic fishes.