Organic Framing

Organic Manures

• The organic manures are derived from biological sources like plant, animal and human residues.
• These organic manures contain loa amounts of plant nutrients but, organic matter, other than nutrients, present in large quantity hence, they are also called as bulky organic manures.
• Among various bulky organic manures, FYM, compost, green manure, concentrated manures, vermicompost, oil cakes are most widely used.

Farm Yard Manure (FYM)

• Farmyard manure (FYM) is decomposed mixture of cattle dung and urine with straw and litter used as bedding material and residues from the fodder fed to cattle.
• The waste material of cattle consisting of dung and urine soaked in the refuse of the shed is collected daily and placed in trenches of about 6 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m deep.
• A section of 2-3’ from one end of the trench is first selected for filling.
• The trench is filled up to a height of about 50 cm above ground level and plastered over with slurry of cow dung and earth.
• The material is allowed to decompose undisturbed for 3-4 months for anaerobic micro organisms to complete fermentation.
• FYM become ready to apply after 3-4 months. It is spread evenly over 3-4 weeks before sowing, mixed with soil by hand hoe or cultivator.
• Well-decomposed FYM contains 0.5% N, 0.2% P2O5 and 0.5 % K2O. Cow dung from biogas plant is also utilized in similar manner.

Factors influencing the quality of FYM

• Kind of animal species.
• Kind of bedding material.
• Kind of fodder fed to cattle.
• Age of the animal.
• Manner of collection in the shed.
• Storage in the pit etc.,

Enrichment of FYM

• The recommended dose of P and K2O for the crops is mixed with 750 kg of sieved FYM.
• The mixture is spread in the form of heap and plastering is done with red earth paste.
• This anaerobic process is maintained for 30 days.
• Then the N fertilizer recommended for the crop is mixed and applied immediately before sowing.