Veterinary Physiology-III

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS (Anterior Pituitary)

• Adenohypophysis contains two types of cells - chromophobes and chromophils
• The chromophobes are the inactive precursor or a resting type of cells from which the active (hormone producing) cells known as chromophils arise.
• Chromophils are further divided into acidophils and basophils. The acidophils and basophils include five types that produce six hormones

	Cells	Hormone	Target organ	Biological effect
I	Chromophobes	Inactive cells	-	-
II	Chromophils	Active cells	-	-
	A) Acidophils
	a) Somatotrophs	GH	All body cells	Growth, Somatomedin synthesis
	b) Lactotrophs/ mammotrophs	Prolactin	Mammary gland	Milk biosynthesis, luteotropic
	B) Basophils
	a) Thyrotrophs	TSH	Thyroid gland	Thyroxine synthesis and release
	b) Corticotrophs	ACTH & β-LPH	Adrenal cortex	Glucocorticoid synthesis and release
	c) Gonadotrophs	FSH	Testis, ovary	Spermatogenesis, folliculogenesis, estradiol synthesis
		LH (ICSH)	Leydig cells of testis	Androgen production, spermiogenesis
			Graafian follicle of ovary	Ovulation, CL development, progesterone synthesis