Veterinary Clinical Medicine-I (General and Systemic)

LUNGS

• The area of auscultation of lungs (Fig 3 & 16) extends upwards from heart, the lower extremity of the sixth rib in a straight line to the upper part of the eleventh intercostals space where it meets the dorsal border. Bronchial bifurcation is opposite to the 5^th rib, 10 cm ventral to the vertebral column. Auscultation of lung, aids in diagnosing viral and bacterial pneumonia, pleurisy and pulmonary emphysema.

FIG 16.

Comparative auscultation of the rumen: Placing phonendoscope on

Rumen The auscultation area of rumen can be divided into (a) hollow of left flank and (b) abdominal wall within the costal arch. During auscultation, the attention is to be paid to nature, strength and frequency of sound. The time interval between 2 rumen motility is very important in the diagnosis than the number of motility per minute.

Comparative auscultation of the rumen: Placing phonendoscope on The rib supported abdominal wall

In the paralumbar fossa (Fig 17): This is done by placing the phonendoscope in the centre of the hollow of the left flank. This is useful in studying the ruminal atony. Complete absence of fermentation sounds especially to a phonendoscope is a grave symptom. Under rib cage (Fig 18): Phonendoscope is placed on the rib cage on the left side of the chest in 11th intercostals space and the sounds heard and compared with the sounds heard on left side paralumbar fossa. This will exclude the presence of abomasal displacement and peritoneal abscess.

Reticulum(Fig 11) FIG 18.

• Auscultation is done on the left side at the ventral ends of 6^th or 7^th ribs eight finger spaces above sternum in large sized animals, where reticular movements are heard as a rumbling gurgle, accompanied of followed by a liquid pouring sound.

Omasum(Fig 6)

• Auscultation is done on the right side at the 9^th intercostals space on a level with shoulder joint. Normally, auscultation at the centre of the omasal field may not succeed in picking up the rustling sound made by omasal contraction, which is synchronous with reticular contraction because of louder sounds made by other stomach compartments. Fluid sounds may be heard instead of rustling sounds during anterior functional stenosis. Omasl auscultation is useful in diagnosing acute abomasitis, pyloric stenosis and omasal impaction. However, caution should be excercised in interpreting the results of auscultation of the omasum.
• The patency of oesophageal groove and the function of the omasal ridge and omasal orifice are tested by oral administration of 1-2 liters of a suitable reflex stimulant such as 10% salt solution, the effect being evaluated by auscultation, for gurgling noises of the omasum and abomasums.

Abomasum

• Auscultation of a normal abomasums is not possible due to its anatomical position. Auscultation is valuable and diagnostic in displacements of abomasums.