Children With Developmental Challenges

Children With Developmental Challenges 3(2+1)

Lesson 18 : Mental Retardation

Perinatal conditions

1. Gestational disorders: a) low birth weight (less than 2500 gms) about 1500 gms b) premature birth (less than 37 weeks of pregnancy). Leads to learning problems, Mental retardation, Sensory motor impairments.
2. Neonatal complications: complications surrounding the birth process may cause mental retardation.
1. Anoxia-oxygen deprivation
2. Hypoxia -insufficient oxygen supply. One out of 5 births due to anoxia, leads to mental retardation. Anoxia is caused due to damaged placenta or prolonged and difficult delivery.
3. Birth trauma – improper use of forceps.
4. Breech presentation–causes injury to baby’s head due to greater intensity and frequency of uterine contractions during birth process.
5. Precipitous birth–lasting less than 2 hours. Falling suddenly (sudden birth). The gentle molding of skull may not take place during precipitous birth, leading to tissue damage and mental retardation.