Apparel Industry Management

Apparel Industry Management 3(3+0)

Lesson 4 : Levels of Management or Managerial Hierarchy

Number of Levels

Although, broadly speaking management is a three-tier activity, but the exact number of management levels cannot be prescribed. In fact there is no anonymity among writers in this respect. Koontz and O’Donnell and Brech have classified management into two groups – top level and supervisory level. Joseph A. Litterer has suggested three levels-institutional level, general management and departmental management. According to him the first discharges the trusteeship function, the second facilitating function and the third integrating function. Keith Davis, in his popular book capitioned ‘Human Behaviour at Work’ has classified various management levels as trusteeship management, general management, departmental management, middle management and supervisory management.