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Textile industry plays an important role in the economy of the country like India and it accounts for around one third of total export.
The textile dyeing and printing industry have been recognized as one of the most polluting industries in India, which contribute towards the pollution of the water environment. Dyes are extensively used in the textile industry. Waste water discharge from these textile units has caused degradation of water quality in the areas where the dyeing units are present. Local people are facing problem in obtaining water for drinking and irrigation since ground water is also significantly polluted in those areas where dyeing and printing units are present
The textile industry is considered as the most ecologically harmful industry in the world. The eco-problems in textile industry occur during some production processes and are carried forward right to the finished product. In the production process like bleaching and then dyeing, the subsequent fabric makes a toxin that swells into our ecosystem. During the production process controlling pollution is as vital as making a product free from the toxic effect.
Out of various activities in textile industry, chemical processing contributes about 70% of pollution. Due to the nature of various chemical processing of textiles, large volumes of waste water with numerous pollutants are discharged. Since these streams of water affect the aquatic eco-system in number of ways such as depleting the dissolved oxygen content or settlement of suspended substances in anaerobic condition, a special attention needs to be paid.
The colour which dues impart to water bodies is very undesirable to the water user for aesthetic reasons. Due to high concentration of organics in the effluents and higher stability of modern synthetic dyes, their discharges into rivers are harmful to aquatic life.
It was observed that, the pollution potential of the printing industries is negligible as compared to that of textile dyeing. Pollution of water resources is thus high, as their location is mostly on the banks of Small River.
Various mechanical process and chemical/synthetic dyes are used in Textiles, dyeing and printing industries and considerable wastewater discharged from these textile units contains about 20% of the dyes, which has caused degradation of water quality in water-scarce-semi-arid region of the country.
Printing and dyeing industry is the big industrial wastewater discharge unit.
Dyeing with large amount of water, high levels of organic pollutants, color depth, alkaline, water quality and other characteristics of change, is intractable industrial waste.
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