Fish Immunology (1+1)

Unit 16 - Immuno-stimulants

16.3. Action in fish
The most common immunostimulants used are non-virulent microorganisms or their by-products and in fish once the immunostimulant is injected, the first defense system are substance found in mucus secreted by endothelial cells, followed by macrophage activation that acts against pathogens. Then lytic factors, agglutinating factors, proteins and enzymes act directly on the molecules or on the microbe’s surface to suppress bacterial growth or to assist in phagocytosis.