Fisheries Extension Education (2+1) copy 1

3.1.3 Models of transfer of technology

I. Top-down-model (Conventional model)

Salient features

- Farmers act as passive recipients of technologies

- No contact between farmers and scientists

- Extension plays the role to persuade the farmers to adopt new technologies

In this model, the client’s views and problems are not given due importance which is an inherent problem of this model.

II. Feedback model

Salient features

- Research values identification of target group and its problems.

- Close interaction between research and extension systems.

- Research is carried out both at research farms and farmers’ fields

- Researchers include extension personnnel and social scientists to have a holistic understanding of farmers’ problems.

III. Farmer- back to- farmer model (Farmer participatory model)

- An alternative to the two models discussed earlier.

- Here the underlying assumption is that research must begin and end with the farmer.

- The farmers must be incorporated as fully active members of the problem solving team.