Feeding milch animals
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Daily nutrient requirements for maintenance, pregnancy and lactation for cattle and buffaloes ( Ranjhan,S.K. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Livestock and Poultry,ICAR,New Delhi.)
For maintenance of mature Cows/Buffaloes.
|
Body Weight (kg)
|
Dry feed
(kg)
|
DCP
(g)
|
ME
Mcal
|
TDN
kg
|
Ca
g
|
P
g
|
Carotene
mg
|
Vitamin A
1000 IU
|
|
200
|
3.5
|
150
|
6.0
|
1.7
|
8
|
7
|
21
|
9
|
|
250
|
4.0
|
170
|
7.2
|
2.0
|
10
|
9
|
26
|
11
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|
300
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4.5
|
200
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8.4
|
2.4
|
12
|
10
|
32
|
13
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|
350
|
5.0
|
230
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9.4
|
2.7
|
14
|
11
|
37
|
15
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|
400
|
5.5
|
250
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10.8
|
3.0
|
17
|
13
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42
|
17
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|
450
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6.0
|
280
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12.4
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3.4
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18
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14
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48
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19
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|
500
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6.5
|
300
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13.2
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3.7
|
20
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15
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53
|
21
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550
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7.0
|
330
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14.4
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4.0
|
21
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16
|
58
|
23
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|
600
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7.5
|
350
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15.5
|
4.2
|
22
|
17
|
64
|
26
|
For maintenance and pregnancy (last 2 months of gestation)
|
Body Weight (kg)
|
Dry feed
(kg)
|
DCP
(g)
|
ME
Mcal
|
TDN
kg
|
Ca
g
|
P
g
|
Carotene
mg
|
Vitamin A
1000 IU
|
|
250
|
4.9
|
270
|
10.8
|
3.0
|
14
|
12
|
51
|
21
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|
300
|
5.6
|
290
|
12.4
|
3.4
|
16
|
14
|
56
|
25
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|
350
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6.4
|
320
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13.2
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3.7
|
21
|
16
|
67
|
27
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|
400
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7.2
|
350
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14.1
|
4.0
|
23
|
18
|
76
|
30
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|
450
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7.9
|
400
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15.9
|
4.4
|
26
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20
|
86
|
34
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|
500
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8.6
|
430
|
17.3
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4.8
|
29
|
22
|
95
|
38
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|
550
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9.3
|
465
|
18.8
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5.2
|
31
|
24
|
105
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42
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|
600
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10.0
|
500
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20.2
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5.6
|
34
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26
|
114
|
46
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|
650
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10.6
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530
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21.6
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6.0
|
36
|
28
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124
|
50
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Feeding of milch animals
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The nutrient requirement of a lactating cow /buffalo can be conveniently divided into two parts, viz. requirement for maintenance and milk production. If the lactating animal is in first and second lactation, extra allowance, is needed to take care of growth and production.
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Similarly pregnant animals are to be offered extra nutrients during the last two months of gestation. The aim is that by the end of gestation period the cows should not only gain their initial body weight but also put on an extra 25 to 30 kg of body weight.This is necessary to enable the animal to withstand the stress of parturition and to maintain the persisitency of milk production during the subsequent lactation period. The provision of extra nutrients should be given in the form of concentrate mixture and not as forage because roughages are not as efficient as concentrate in increasing the body weight. The rest of the ration must contain sufficient gree feeds so that the colostrum secreted after parturition should be rich in vitamin A.
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During the last 3 days prior to calving, the amount of concentrate mixture should be reduced and a little warm bran is fed to keep the animal in laxative condition before calving.
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After parturition, the cow /buffalo should be given fresh warm water and a mash consisting of 1 kg wheat bran, 1-1.5 kg ground/cooked grains, 0.5 kg jaggery and 25 g each of common salt and mineral mixture. This mash may be continued for 3 to 4 days after calving; theafter, the regular feed is gradually introduced to the cow.
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In feeding high-milk yielder, quality feed, ie., nutrient dense feed need to be given. Ration should contain a minimum 25% DM from forages.Forage should be of superior quality and 30 to 50% of this should be from leguminous crops. Ration may be in the form of complete feed. Frequency of feeding is three to four times a day. To ensure proper nutrient intake, optimum roughage concentrate ratio need to be maintained.
Nutrient requirement per kg of milk production
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Fat %
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DCP (g)
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ME (Mcal)
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TDN (kg)
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Ca (g)
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P (g)
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3.0
|
40
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0.97
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0.270
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2.5
|
1.8
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4.0
|
45
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1.13
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0.315
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2.7
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2.0
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5.0
|
51
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1.28
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0.370
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2.9
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2.2
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6.0
|
57
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1.36
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0.410
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3.1
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2.4
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7.0
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63
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1.54
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0.460
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3.3
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2.6
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8.0
|
69
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1.80
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0.510
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3.5
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2.8
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9.0
|
75
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2.06
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0.500
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3.7
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3.0
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10.0
|
81
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2.16
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0.600
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3.9
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3.2
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11.0
|
85
|
2.34
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0.650
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4.1
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3.4
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Last modified: Sunday, 13 November 2011, 10:07 AM
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