VAN 121: Veterinary Gross Anatomy-II (2+2)

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD - HORSE

• The cutaneous muscle of the head is less developed.
• The orbicularis oris is a complete sphincter.
• The levator labii superioris proprius inserted by a common tendon with its fellow to the upper lip.
• The depressor labii superioris is absent.
• Transversus nasi is unpaired and lies between the nostrils.
• The corrugator supercilli is a separate muscle.
• Malaris is thin and levator buccalis is absent.
• There is an additional muscle in the mandibular region the occipito-mandibularis, which extends between the paramastoid process and the posterior border of the vertical ramus
• The digastricus has a distinct intermediate tendon, which perforates the tendon of stylo-hyoideus.
• Thyro-arytenoideus is represented by ventricularis and vocalis.
• Other muscles resemble those of the ox.