VPB 121: Veterinary Physiology - II (2+1)

PHARYNX AND TONGUE

• The pharynx is continuous with or follows the mouth.
• The combined cavity of the mouth and the pharynx is often referred to as the oropharynx.
• The common opening for the two eustachian tubes is located in the middle of its dorsal wall (roof).
• The tongue is long and pointed and conforms to the shape of the beak in which it operates.
• The epithelium of the tongue is thick and horny, especially towards the tip.
• A transverse row of simple, large and horny papillae with their tips directed towards the rear of the mouth cavity are located on the posterior end.
• The hyoid bone provides the framework to support the tongue. The entoglossal bone extends longitudinally in the median plane.
• Small patches of lymphatic tissue are located throughout the corium. Mucous glands are located in the tongue with short ducts directed towards the rear.
• Some but not others believe that there are taste buds located on the tongue.
• In any case the sense of taste appears to be very weak if at all present.
• The mouth has two major functions:
  • To pick up the food particles and direct the food into the oesophagus.